Mindmap-Book SummaryPersonality Types
April 23, 2017 1 Comment
Mindmap-Book SummaryPersonality Types
- About Enneagram Personality Types
- Date Read: December 2014
- Author: Don Riso
- ISBN: 978-0395798676
- 544 pages
- MyRating: 5 Stars
- ~ https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/80421698/Enneagram%20Test.xls
- Triad
- A. Feeling
- 2. The Helper:
- caring
generous
possessive
manipulative.
Helpers who need to be needed
Twos essentially feel that they are worthy insofar as they are helpful to others. Love is their highest ideal. Selflessness is their duty. Giving to others is their reason for being. Involved, socially aware, usually extroverted, Twos are the type of people who remember everyone’s birthday and who go the extra mile to help out a co-worker, spouse or friend in need
- caring
- 3. The Motivator:
- adaptable
ambitious
image-conscious
hostile.
Focused on the presentation of success, to attain validation
Threes need to be validated in order to feel worthy; they pursue success and want to be admired. They are frequently hard working, competetive and are highly focused in the pursuit of their goals, whether their goal is to be the most successful salesman in the company or the “sexiest” woman in their social circle
- adaptable
- 4. The Individualist:
- intuitive
expressive
self-absorbed
depressive.
Identity seekers, who feel unique and different
Fours build their identities around their perception of themselves as being somehow different or unique; they are thus self-consciously individualistic. They tend to see their difference from others as being both a gift and a curse – a gift, because it sets them apart from those they perceive as being somehow “common,” and a curse, as it so often seems to separate them from the simpler forms of happiness that others so readily seem to enjoy
- intuitive
- 2. The Helper:
- B. Thinking
- 5. The Investigator:
- perceptive
original
detached
eccentric.
Thinkers who tend to withdraw and observ
Fives essentially fear that they don’t have enough inner strength to face life, so they tend to withdraw, to retreat into the safety and security of the mind where they can mentally prepare for their emergence into the world. Fives feel comfortable and at home in the realm of thought. They are generally intelligent, well read and thoughtful and they frequently become experts in the areas that capture their interest
- perceptive
- 6. The Loyalist:
- engaging
committed
defensive
paranoid.
Conflicted between trust and distrust
Sixes essentially feel insecure, as though there is nothing quite steady enough to hold onto. At the core of the type Six personality is a kind of fear or anxiety. Sixes don’t trust easily; they are often ambivalent about others, until the person has absolutely proven herself, at which point they are likely to respond with steadfast loyalty
- engaging
- 7. The Enthusiast:
- enthusiastic
accomplished
uninhibited
manic.
Pleasure seekers and planners, in search of distraction
Sevens are essentially concerned that their lives be an exciting adventure. They are future oriented, restless people who are generally convinced that something better is just around the corner. They are quick thinkers who have a great deal of energy and who make lots of plans. They tend to be extroverted, multi-talented, creative and open minded
- enthusiastic
- 5. The Investigator:
- C. Instinctive
- 8. The Leader:
- self-confident
decisive
dominating
combative
Taking charge, because they don’t want to be controlled
Eights are essentially unwilling to be controlled, either by others or by their circumstances; they fully intend to be masters of their fate. Eights are strong willed, decisive, practical, tough minded and energetic. They also tend to be domineering; their unwillingness to be controlled by others frequently manifests in the need to control others instead
- self-confident
- 9. The Peacemaker:
- peaceful
reassuring
complacent
neglectful.
Keeping peace and harmony
Nines essentially feel a need for peace and harmony. They tend to avoid conflict at all costs, whether it be internal or interpersonal. As the potential for conflict in life is virtually ubiquitous, the Nine’s desire to avoid it generally results in some degree of withdrawal from life, and many Nines are, in fact, introverted. Other Nines lead more active, social lives, but nevertheless remain to some to degree “checked out,” or not fully involved, as if to insulate themselves from threats to their peace of mind
- peaceful
- 1. The Reformer:
- principled
orderly
perfectionistic
self-righteous.
Ones are essentially looking to make things better, as they think nothing is ever quite good enough. This makes them perfectionists who want to reform and improve, who desire to make order out of the omnipresent chaos
- principled
- 8. The Leader:
- A. Feeling
- Triad2
- Feeling Center
- 2. Considerate helper
- caring
- generous
- friendly
- warm
- 3. Competitive Achiever
- ambitious
- focused
- adaptable
- shrewed
- 4. Intense Creative
- creative
- deep
- emotional
- expressive
- 2. Considerate helper
- Thinking Center
- 5. Quite Specialist
- cerebral
- curious
- detached
- 6. Loyal Sceptic
- cautious
- loyal
- anxious
- alert
- 7. Enthusiastic Visionary
- optimistic
- spontaneous
- uninhibited
- keen
- 5. Quite Specialist
- Action Center
- 8. Active Controller
- self-assured
- assertive
- decisive
- direct
- 9. Adaptive Peacemaker
- patient
- non-aggressive
- accomodating
- easy going
- 1. Strict Perfectionist
- concientious
- perfectionist
- critical
- controlled
- 8. Active Controller
- Feeling Center
- Ego Levels of Development
- Healthy
- Level 1-The Level of Liberation
- Level 2-The Level of Psychological Capacity
- Level 3-The Level of Social Value
- Level 4-The Level of Imbalance/ Social Role
- Average
- Level 5-The Level of Interpersonal Control
- Level 6-The Level of Overcompensation
- Level 7-The Level of Violation
- Unhealthy
- Level 8-The Level of Obsession and Compulsion
- Level 9-The Level of Pathological Destructiveness
- Healthy
- Values
- To be right
- conscience
- logical consistency
- justice
- rectitude
- self-discipline
- principles
- morality
- ethics
- To be appreciated
- being needed
- religious faith
- warm feelings for others
- friendship
- altruism
- love
- community
- To be successful
- self-development
- achievement
- recognition
- success
- physical appearance
- good reputation
- popularity
- To be original
- creativity
- aesthetic beauty
- authenticity
- self-expression
- being true to themselves
- personal freedom
- having deep feelings
- To be competent
- knowledge
- intelligence
- originality
- perceptiveness
- understanding
- foresight
- certitude
- effeciency
- To be secure
- loyalty
- obedience
- responsibility
- duty
- cooperation
- hard work
- persistence
- security
- welfare of close people
- To be happy
- happiness
- experience
- accomplishment
- sensual pleasure
- material possesions
- being amused and excited
- having a variety of experience
- To be strong
- power
- influence
- wealth
- self-assertiveness
- independence
- respect of others
- greatness
- immortality
- being in control
- physical survival
- To be at peace
- emotional well-being
- acceptance of what it is
- traditional values
- peace
- unity
- harmony
- social stability
- To be right
- 9 Personality Types: Summary
- 1. The Reformer:
- Holy Idea
- Holy Pefection
- Virtue
- Serenity [absence of mental stress or anxiety]
- Fixation
- Resentment [Judging]
- Negative Passion
- Anger
- Basic Fear
- Of being bad, imbalanced, defective, corrupt
- Basic Desire
- To be good, to have integrity
- In Search of
- Integrity and Improvement
- Healthy Sense of Self
- “I am reasonable, objective person”
- Hidden Complaint
- “I am right most of the time-others should listen to me.”
- Defense Mechanism
- Repression, reaction formation, displacement
- Temptations
- Extreme sense of personal moral obligation
- Saving Grace
- Objective and sensible
- Structural Patterns
- Objectivity
- Cognitive Error
- To identify with the superego
- Parental Orientation
- Disconnected from their protective figure
- Key Motivation
- Want to be right
- To have integrity and balance
- To strive higher and improve others
- To be consistent with their ideals
- To justify themselves
- To be beyond criticism so as not to be condemned by anyone.
- At Their Best
- Extraordinarily wise
- Discerning
- Realistic
- Humane
- Inspiring
- Hopeful
- Healthy
- Conscientious
- Strong personal convictions
- Intense sense of right and wrong
- Strong personal and moral values
- Rational
- Reasonable
- Self-disciplined
- Mature
- Moderate in all things
- Highly principled
- Strive to be fair
- Objective
- Ethical
- Sense of responsibility
- Strong personal integrity
- Have a higher purpose
- Average
- Dissatisfied with reality
- High-minded idealists
- Feeling that it is up to them to improve everything
- Crusaders
- Advocates
- Critics
- Embrace “causes” and point out how things “ought” to be
- Afraid of making a mistake
- Everything must be consistent with their ideals.
- Orderly and well-organized, but impersonal, Rigid, emotionally constricted
- Keeping their feelings and impulses in check
- Workaholics—”anal-compulsive,”
- Punctual, pedantic, and fastidious
- Highly critical both of self and others
- Picky, judgmental, perfectionistic
- Very opinionated about everything
- Correcting people and badgering them to “do the right thing”—as they see it.
- Impatient, never satisfied with anything unless it is done according to their prescriptions.
- Moralizing
- Scolding
- Abrasive
- Indignantly angry.
- Unhealthy
- Highly dogmatic
Self-righteous
Intolerant
Inflexible
Begin dealing in absolutes
They alone know “the Truth”
Everyone else is wrong
Make very severe judgments of others, while rationalizing their own actions
Obsessive about imperfection and the wrongdoing of others
Act in contradictory ways, hypocritically doing the opposite of what they preach
Condemnatory, punitive, and cruel in order to rid themselves of whatever they believe is disturbing them
Severe depression, nervous breakdowns, and suicide attempts are likely.
- Highly dogmatic
- Level 1 Healthy
- The Wise Realist
- Level 2 Healthy
- The Reasonable Person
- Level 3 Healthy
- The Principled Teacher
- Level 4 Average
- The Idealistic Reformer
- Level 5 Average
- The Orderly Person
- Level 6 Average
- The Judgmental Perfectionist
- Level 7 Unhealthy
- The Intolerant Misanthrope [dislikes people]
- Level 8 Unhealthy
- The Obsessive Hypocrite
- Level 9 Unhealthy
- The Punitive Avenger
- Characteristics
- I can feel irritated for no special reason.
- Getting the job done right is more important than getting the job done fast.
- As a child, I was more serious and realistic than many other children.
- No one’s more critical of me than I am of myself.
- I like to concentrate on exactly one thing at a time and do not appreciate distractions.
- As a parent or guardian, I’m more strict than permissive.
- People who don’t take things seriously annoy me.
- I’ve been called a perfectionist, although I don’t feel very perfect.
- I want to be certain that I’m meeting my own high standards for conduct.
- When I care about people, I want to improve their behavior.
- Upholding ethics and principles is extremely important to me.
- I have a very active inner critic.
- I find it hard not to judge people too harshly.
- I feel quite guilty when I get angry without justification.
- Friends sometimes tell me I’m too hard on myself.
- I become tense or critical more easily than most people.
- In intimate relationships, I often experience jealous feelings, even though I don’t approve of them.
- The words “should” and “ought” crop up a lot in my thinking.
- Sometimes I feel like I’m just going to explode.
- Knowing I’m correct takes the edge off the tension I feel.
- Holy Idea
- 2. The Helper:
- Holy Idea
- Holy Will, Holy Freedom
- Virtue
- Humility [lack of false pride]
- Fixation
- Flattery [Ingratiation]
- Negative Passion
- Pride
- Basic Fear
- Of being unloved
- Basic Desire
- To feel love
- In Search of
- Intimacy
- Healthy Sense of Self
- “I am caring, loving person”
- Hidden Complaint
- “I am always loving, others take me for granted”
- Defense Mechanism
- Identification, Reaction Formation, Denial
- Temptations
- Without needs, well intentioned
- Saving Grace
- Genuine Empathy
- Structural Patterns
- Indirection
- Cognitive Error
- Value based on positive response from others
- Parental Orientation
- Ambivalent [uncertain] to the protective figure
- Key Motivation
- Want to be loved
- To express their feelings for others
- To be needed and appreciated
- To get others to respond to them
- To vindicate their claims about themselves
- At Their Best
- Deeply unselfish
- Humble
- Altruistic
- Giving unconditional love to self and others
- Feel it is a privilege to be in others’ lives
- Radiantly joyful and gracious.
- Healthy
- Empathetic
- Compassionate
- Feeling with and for others
- Caring and concerned about their needs
- Outgoing and passionate
- Offer friendship and kindness.
- Thoughtful, warm-hearted, forgiving, and sincere
- Encouraging and appreciative
- Able to see the good in others
- Dedicated and supportive of people
- Bringing out the best in people
- Nurturing
- Generous
- Truly loving people
- Average
- Engage in “people pleasing”
- Becoming overly friendly
- Emotionally demonstrative
- Full of “good intentions”
- Bestow seductive attention on others
- Approval
- Flattery
- Talkative especially about love and their relationships
- Become overly intimate and intrusive
- Need to be needed
- Hover, meddle, and control in the name of love
- Want others to depend on them
- Give, but expect a return.
- Send mixed messages
- Enveloping and possessive
- The self-sacrificial
- Creating needs for themselves to fulfill
- Increasingly self-important and self-satisfied
- Feel they are indispensable
- Seek specific forms of repayment for their help
- Hypochondria
- Becoming a “martyr” for others
- Overbearing
- Patronizing
- Presumptuous
- Unhealthy
- Manipulative and self-serving
Instilling guilt by making others feel indebted to them
Abuse food and medications to “stuff feelings” and get sympathy.
Undermine people by making belittling, disparaging remarks.
Extremely self-deceptive about their motives
Selfish
Aggressive
Domineering
Coercive
Feel entitled to get anything they want from others
Bitterly resentful
Angry
Somatization of their aggressions results in chronic health problems as they vindicate themselves by “falling apart” and burdening others.
- Manipulative and self-serving
- Level 1 Healthy
- The Disinterested Altruist [welfare of others]
- Level 2 Healthy
- The Caring Person
- Level 3 Healthy
- The Nurturing Helper
- Level 4 Average
- The Effusive Friend
- Level 5 Average
- The Possessive “Intimate”
- Level 6 Average
- The Self Important Saint
- Level 7 Unhealthy
- The Self Deceptive Manipulator
- Level 8 Unhealthy
- The Coercive Dominator
- Level 9 Unhealthy
- The Psychosomatic Victim
- Characteristics
- I hate asking for help, even though I like giving it.
- I find it hard to hold back when it comes to offering help and advice.
- I take pride in the way I put people at ease.
- It’s hard not to cry when I feel sentimental, even when I’m in public.
- I find it unnerving to talk with people who don’t seem emotionally engaged.
- I’m so much more of a heart person than a head person.
- There’s nothing I enjoy like making introductions and helping people get to know one another.
- I can’t imagine life without my many acquaintances and social contacts.
- My first instinct is always to help people, whether or not they ask for it.
- Pride is both my greatest strength and my greatest weakness.
- Giving, caring, and sharing mean a lot to me.
- I can get very wrapped up in my concern for others.
- It’s unacceptably humiliating to be publicly criticized.
- Because I do so much for others, I sometimes feel entitled to special treatment.
- It’s important for me to be a sympathetic listener and supportive friend.
- I’m strongly drawn to humanitarian work with people or animals.
- I’m a natural nurturer.
- Friends describe me as warm, romantic, and affectionate.
- I’m willing to sacrifice in order to be in relationship.
- Feeling appreciated means so much to me.
- Holy Idea
- 3. The Motivator:
- Holy Idea
- Holy Harmony, Holy Law, Holy Hope
- Virtue
- Truthfulness, [Authenticity, not being fake]
- Fixation
- Vanity [Deceit] [Feelings of excessive pride]
- Negative Passion
- Deceit [quality of being fraudulent]
- Basic Fear
- Of being worthless
- Basic Desire
- To feel valuable
- In Search of
- Acceptance and Validation
- Healthy Sense of Self
- “I am an outstanding and effective person”
- Hidden Complaint
- “I am a superior person-others are jealous of me”
- Defense Mechanism
- Repression, Projection, Displacement
- Temptations
- To constantly push themselves to be “the best”
- Saving Grace
- Desire to be accepted
- Structural Patterns
- Adaptability
- Cognitive Error
- Value based on “performance”, external image.
- Parental Orientation
- Connected to the nurturing figure
- Key Motivation
- Want to feel valuable and worthwhile
- To be affirmed
- To distinguish themselves
- To have attention
- To be admired
- To impress others
- At Their Best
- Inner-directed and authentic
- Everything they seem to be
- Accept their limitations
- Live within their limitations
- Self-deprecatory sense of humor
- Childlike innocence
- Charitable
- Genuinely modest
- Benevolent
- Healthy
- Self-assured and energetic
- With high self-esteem
- Believe in themselves and their own value
- Adaptable
- Well-adjusted
- Charming
- Often attractive and popular
- Realistic and purposeful
- Ambitious to improve themselves
- Mindset “be all that they can be”
- Outstanding
- Kind of human ideal
- Embodying widely admired qualities
- Others are motivated to be like them
- High-spirited
- Goal oriented
- Persistent
- Effective
- Industrious people
- Average
- Highly concerned with performance
- Doing the job well
- Being superior
- Rising above others
- Compare themselves with others
- In search for status and success
- Driven careerists and social climbers
- Invested in achievement
- Exclusivity
- Being a “winner.”
- Image-conscious
- Highly concerned with how they are perceived.
- Present themselves according to the expectations of others
- Pragmatic [practical] and efficient
- Losing touch with their own feelings
- Smooth façade
- Problems with intimacy
- Problems credibility
- Problems with expediency
- Want to impress others with their superiority
- Constantly promoting themselves
- Making themselves sound better than they really are
- Narcissistic, with grandiose
- Inflated notions about themselves and their talents.
- Exhibitionistic and seductive
- “Look at me!” Syndrome
- Arrogance and contempt
- Unhealthy
- Fearing failure and humiliation
- Misrepresent themselves
- Distorting the truth of their accomplishments
- Extremely unprincipled
- Covetous of the success of others
- Willing to do “whatever it takes” to preserve the illusion of their superiority
- Exploitative
- Opportunistic
- Deceptive to hide faults
- Pathological liar
- Extreme hostility
- Delusional jealousy
- Betraying
- Sabotaging people in order to triumph over them
- Vindictive
- Ruining what they cannot have.
- Relentless, obsessive about destroying whatever reminds them of their own shortcomings and failures
- Psychopathic tendencies: murder
- Level 1 Healthy
- The Authentic Person
- Level 2 Healthy
- The Self-Assured Person
- Level 3 Healthy
- The Outstanding Paragon [model of excellence]
- Level 4 Average
- The Competitive Status-Seeker
- Level 5 Average
- The Image Conscious Pragmatist [practical]
- Level 6 Average
- The Self-Promoting Narcissist [in love with self]
- Level 7 Unhealthy
- The Dishonest Opportunist
- Level 8 Unhealthy
- The Malicious Deceiver
- Level 9 Unhealthy
- The Vindictive Psychopath
- Characteristics
- I like the idea of involving my intimate partner in my work life, so we don’t drift apart.
Meeting my deadline matters more than getting every tiny detail just right.
Being a winner makes my efforts worthwhile.
My desire to achieve knows no bounds.
I tend to get myself so heavily scheduled with work that there’s not much time to simply sit and reflect.
Sometimes it’s hard to tell the difference between the image I project and the person I am inside.
I work hard to succeed because failure is just not an option.
I’m very aware of the impression I make on others.
Making time for relationships can be hard because of my busy schedule.
Nothing motivates me like high achievement.
Public recognition means a lot to me.
I can adapt my dress and behavior to the needs of the situation.
I can ignore painful emotions to get the job done.
More than anything, I’m a “can do” kind of person.
Being in the public eye is something I generally enjoy.
Whatever I do, I always try to exceed my personal best.
Achievement and recognition let me know I’m targeting my goals.
The term “Type A personality” was coined with me in mind.
Making a good impression is important to me.
I’m a great team player.
- I like the idea of involving my intimate partner in my work life, so we don’t drift apart.
- Holy Idea
- 4. The Individualist:
- Holy Idea
- Holy Origin
- Virtue
- Equanimity, Emotional Balance, Steadiness of Mind
- Fixation
- Melancholy [Fantasizing] [ feeling of thoughtful sadness]
- Negative Passion
- Envy [ feeling of grudging admiration and desire to have something that is possessed by another]
- Basic Fear
- Of having no identity or significance
- Basic Desire
- To be themselves
- In Search of
- Identity
- Healthy Sense of Self
- “I am an intuitive, sensitive person”
- Hidden Complaint
- “I don’t really fit in – I am different from others”
- Defense Mechanism
- Introjection, Displacement, Splitting
- Temptations
- To overuse imagination in search of self
- Saving Grace
- Self-awareness
- Structural Patterns
- Subjectivity
- Cognitive Error
- To identify with their feelings and emotional states
- Parental Orientation
- Disconnected from both parents
- Key Motivation
- Want to be themselves
- To express themselves in something beautiful
- To find the ideal partner
- To withdraw to protect their feelings
- To take care of emotional needs before attending to anything else
- At Their Best
- Profoundly creative
- Artistic
- Inspired
- Self-renewing
- Regenerating
- Able to transform all their experiences into something valuable
- Redemptive
- Self-creative
- Healthy
- Self-aware
- Introspective
- Engaged in a “search for self,”
- Aware of feelings and inner impulses
- Sensitive and intuitive both to self and others
- Gentle
- Tactful
- Compassionate
- Highly personal
- Individualistic
- True to their feelings
- Self-revealing
- Emotionally honest
- Humane
- Ironic view of self and life
- Can be serious and funny
- Vulnerable
- Emotionally strong
- Average
- Take an artistic, romantic orientation to life
- Creating a beautiful, aesthetic environment
- Cultivate and prolong personal feelings
- Heighten reality through fantasy
- Passionate feelings
- Imagination
- Long for the idealized partner
- Stay in touch with feelings
- Interiorize and personalize things
- Self-absorbed
- Hypersensitive
- Shy
- Self-conscious
- Temperamental
- Moody
- Play “hard to get,”
- Feel like outsiders
- Feel that they are different from others
- Melancholy dreamers
- Disdainful
- Decadent
- Sensual
- Living in a fantasy world
- Self-pity
- Envy of others
- Self-indulgence.
- Become increasingly impractical, unproductive, and pretentious—yet, waiting for a rescuer
- Unhealthy
- When dreams fail, become self-inhibiting
- Angry at self
- Depressed
- Socially disoriented
- Alienated from self and others
- Blocked and emotionally paralyzed
- Ashamed of self
- Fatigued
- Unable to function
- Withdrawn to protect their self-image and to buy time to sort out feelings
- Tormented by delusional self-contempt
- Self-reproaches
- Self-hatred
- Morbid thoughts
- Everything about them becomes a source of torment
- Blaming others
- Drive away anyone who tries to help them.
- Despairing
- Feel hopeless
- Self-destructive
- Abusing alcohol or drugs to escape.
- In the extreme: emotional breakdown or suicide is likely
- Level 1 Healthy
- The Inspired Creator
- Level 2 Healthy
- The Self-Aware Intuitive
- Level 3 Healthy
- The Self-Revealing Individual
- Level 4 Average
- The Imaginative Aesthete [sensitivity to beauty]
- Level 5 Average
- The Self-Absorbed Romantic
- Level 6 Average
- The Self-Indulgent “Exception”
- Level 7 Unhealthy
- The Alienated Depressive
- Level 8 Unhealthy
- The Emotionally Tormented Person
- Level 9 Unhealthy
- The Self-Destructive Person
- Characteristics
- I often feel a sense of longing without really knowing why.
- I can embrace the sweet side of sorrow.
- Emotionally intense situations make me feel really alive.
- Even when I seem accepted by a group, it’s hard to feel that I really belong.
- Finding my purpose in life means everything to me.
- I value originality more than success.
- Conforming to group norms doesn’t allow me to express who I really am.
- I find it hard to bear those aspects of life that dull the heart and kill the soul.
- Being authentic matters more to me than material success.
- Emotional inauthenticy really bothers me.
- My deep emotions are my greatest creative resource.
- When I resonate with someone, it’s not on a superficial level.
- Although I long to be accepted, I hate the idea of mindless conformity.
- Translating my inner vision into a work of art can be incredibly compelling.
- Being in an environment that’s plastic and impersonal just drains the life right out of me.
- I’m very sensitive to the moods of other people.
- I know how it feels to experience intense loneliness.
- Many people find me too emotionally intense or dramatic.
- Being alone allows me to get in touch with my innermost self.
- I easily identify with the wounds I’ve received in life.
- Holy Idea
- 5. The Investigator:
- Holy Idea
- Holy Omniscience, Holy Transparency
- Virtue
- Detachment [avoiding emotional involvement]
- Fixation
- Stinginess [Retention]
- Negative Passion
- Avarice [Extreme greed for material wealth]
- Basic Fear
- Of being helpless, incompetent and incapable
- Basic Desire
- To be capable and competent
- In Search of
- Mastery
- Healthy Sense of Self
- “I am intelligent, perceptive person”
- Hidden Complaint
- “I am so smart – others can’t understand me”
- Defense Mechanism
- Displacement, Projection, Isolation
- Temptations
- To replace direct experience with concepts
- Saving Grace
- Awareness of own distortions
- Structural Patterns
- Concentration
- Cognitive Error
- To think that they can understand by “witnessing”
- Parental Orientation
- Ambivalent [uncertain] to both parents
- Key Motivation
- Want to be capable and competent
- To master a body of knowledge and skill
- To explore reality
- To remain undisturbed by others
- To reduce their needs
- At Their Best
- Become visionaries
- Broadly comprehending the world while penetrating it profoundly
- Open-minded
- Take things in whole, in their true context
- Make pioneering discoveries
- Find entirely new ways of doing and perceiving things
- Healthy
- Observe everything with extraordinary perceptiveness and insight
- Mentally alert
- Curious
- Have a searching intelligence
- Nothing escapes their notice.
- Display foresight and prediction abilities
- Able to concentrate
- Become engrossed in what has caught their attention
- Attain skillful mastery of whatever interests them
- Excited by knowledge
- Become expert in some field
- Innovative
- Inventive
- Producing extremely valuable, original works.
- Highly independent
- Idiosyncratic [peculiar]
- Whimsical
- Average
- Begin conceptualizing everything before acting—working things out in their minds
Model building
Preparing
Practicing
Gathering resources
Studious
Acquiring technique
Become specialized and often “intellectual”
Involvement in research
Scholar
Theorist
Increasingly detached as they become involved with complicated ideas
Live in imaginary world
Preoccupied with their visions and interpretations rather than reality
Fascinated by offbeat esoteric subjects
Likes dark and disturbing elements
Detached from the practical world
Disembodied mind
Antagonistic stance toward anything which would interfere with their inner world and personal vision.
Provocative and abrasive, with intentionally extreme and radical views.
Cynical
Argumentative
- Begin conceptualizing everything before acting—working things out in their minds
- Unhealthy
- Reclusive and isolated from reality
- Eccentric and nihilistic
- Highly unstable and fearful of aggressions:
- Reject and repulse others and all social attachments
- Obsessed with yet frightened by their threatening ideas
- Horrified
- Delirious
- Prey to gross distortions and phobias
- Seeking oblivion [forgotten]
- May commit suicide
- Psychotic break with reality
- Deranged
- Explosively self-destructive, with schizophrenic overtones
- Level 1 Healthy
- The Pioneering Visionary
- Level 2 Healthy
- The Perceptive Observer
- Level 3 Healthy
- The Focused Innovator
- Level 4 Average
- The Studious Expert
- Level 5 Average
- The Intense Conceptualizer [“idea man”, no action]
- Level 6 Average
- The Provocative Cynic [critical of motives of others]
- Level 7 Unhealthy
- The Isolated Nihilist [rejects theories of morality]
- Level 8 Unhealthy
- The Terrified “Alien”
- Level 9 Unhealthy
- The Imploding Schizoid [withdrawn]
- Characteristics
- Having a private space is a necessity, not a luxury.
- I prefer to thoroughly think through a problem before I act.
- I like to read up in advance before trying some new activity.
- I’m sometimes seen by others as socially unresponsive.
- I am a careful observer of people and situations.
- I enjoy puzzling out ingenious solutions to unusual problems.
- I find public displays of emotion unappealing.
- Games can fascinate me too much.
- I like to study intricate patterns and complex concepts.
- I tend to mentally tune out when people push for an emotional reaction.
- When I like art, it’s often something quirky or unusual.
- Sometimes it takes time for my emotions to catch up with my thoughts.
- I don’t care for interruptions when I’m trying to think through a problem.
- It’s not hard to be discreet when necessary.
- I’m a systems thinker who can separate thought from emotion.
- I value intellectual exchange more than emotional sharing.
- I often become an expert on the topics I study.
- I’m more detached than emotional.
- Small talk doesn’t do much for me.
- I mentally zone out when I lack time alone.
- Holy Idea
- 6. The Loyalist:
- Holy Idea
- Holy Strength, Holy Faith
- Virtue
- Courage [spirit that enables you to face danger or pain without showing fear}
- Fixation
- Cowardice [Worrying]
- Negative Passion
- Fear
- Basic Fear
- Of being without support and guidance
- Basic Desire
- To have support and guidance
- In Search of
- Security and safety
- Healthy Sense of Self
- “I am committed, dependable person”
- Hidden Complaint
- “I do what I’, supposed to do – others don’t”
- Defense Mechanism
- Identification, Displacement, Projection
- Temptations
- Cycles of indecision – seek others for reassurance
- Saving Grace
- Ability to maintain relationship.
- Structural Patterns
- Reactivity
- Cognitive Error
- To look for guidance and security outside themselves
- Parental Orientation
- Connected with their protective-figures
- Key Motivation
- Want to have security
- To feel supported
- To have the approval of others
- To test the attitudes of others toward them
- To defend their beliefs
- At Their Best
- Become self-affirming
- Trusting of self and others
- Independent yet symbiotically interdependent cooperative
- Belief in self leads to true courage
- Positive thinking
- Leadership
- Rich self-expression
- Healthy
- Able to engage others and identify with them
- Steadfast
- Earnest
- Affectionate
- Trustworthy
- Bonding with others
- Forming relationships and alliances
- Dedicated to individuals and movements
- Community builders
- Responsible
- Reliable
- Good foresight
- Strong organizational ability
- Natural troubleshooters
- Hardworking
- Persevering
- Sacrificing for others
- Create stability and security in their world
- Brings a cooperative spirit
- Average
- Start investing their time and energy into whatever they believe will be safe and stable.
- Organizing and structuring
- Look to alliances and authorities for security and continuity
- Make many commitments to others, hoping they will be reciprocated.
- Constantly vigilant, anticipating problems.
- Seek clear guidelines and feel more secure when systems and procedures are well defined.
- Resist having more demands made on them
- React against others passive-aggressively
- Evasive
- Indecisive
- Cautious
- Procrastinating
- Ambivalent
- Strong self-doubt
- Suspicion about others’ motives
- Highly reactive
- Anxious
- Complaining
- Giving contradictory “mixed signals.”
- Internal confusion makes them react unpredictably
- Compensate for insecurities
- Belligerent
- Mean-spirited
- Sarcastic
- Blaming others for problems
- Highly partisan
- Defensive
- Dividing people into friends and enemies
- Looking for threats to their own security
- Authoritarian
- Prejudiced
- Fear-instilling to silence their own fears
- Unhealthy
- Clingingly dependent
- Self-disparaging [negative opinion]
- Acute inferiority feelings
- Seeing themselves as helpless and incompetent
- Seek out a stronger authority or belief to resolve all problems
- Submissive and masochistic
- Feeling persecuted, that others are “out to get them,”
- Lash out and act irrationally
- Bringing about what they fear
- Fanaticism
- Violent
- Hysterical
- Seeking to escape punishment
- Self-destructive
- Suicidal
- Alcoholic
- Drug abuser
- Self-abasing behavior
- Level 1 Healthy
- The Valiant Hero
- Level 2 Healthy
- The Engaging Friend
- Level 3 Healthy
- The Committed Worker
- Level 4 Average
- The Dutiful Loyalist
- Level 5 Average
- The Ambivalent Pessimist
- Level 6 Average
- The Authoritarian Rebel
- Level 7 Unhealthy
- The Overreacting Dependent
- Level 8 Unhealthy
- The Paranoid Hysteric
- Level 9 Unhealthy
- The Self-Defeating Masochist
- Characteristics
- My feelings of apprehension are less intense when I have a project to work on.
Making other people laugh helps me feel calmer and less anxious.
Learning to assert myself gives me confidence and lessens my anxiety.
Maintaining close ties with friends and family helps me feel safe in a chaotic world.
Although I can easily imagine panicking in a crisis, when a real emergency comes along, I do surprisingly well.
Faith and trust are hard for me, because I doubt things that most people seem to take for granted.
My attention too easily goes to worst-case scenarios, even when they are not likely to happen.
I tend to either respect or defy authority.
I’m always aware of the rules I’m supposed to follow, whether I choose to conform to them or break them.
It’s hard not to feel nervous when meeting new people.
I’m more willing than a lot of people to do the “grunt” work on a group project.
I’m a particularly reliable, loyal, and steady employee.
I have a lot of nervous energy and an overactive imagination.
Sometimes going on the offense is the only way to conquer fear.
My home and family provide me with a safe haven in an unsafe world.
I rarely embrace ideas that haven’t stood the test of time.
I’m very loyal to people who have earned my trust.
I use my “inner radar” to intuit the motives of others and decide whether or not it’s safe to trust them.
I can be a feisty scrapper who sticks up for the underdog.
It’s sometimes easier to directly confront my fears than allow my imagination to run wild.
- My feelings of apprehension are less intense when I have a project to work on.
- Holy Idea
- 7. The Enthusiast:
- Holy Idea
- Holy Wisdom, Holy Work, Holy Plan
- Virtue
- Sobriety [Moderation in or abstinence from alcohol or other drugs}
- Fixation
- Planning [Anticipation]
- Negative Passion
- Gluttony
- Basic Fear
- Of being trapped in pain and deprivation
- Basic Desire
- To be satisfied and content
- In Search of
- Satisfaction and Fulfilment
- Healthy Sense of Self
- “I am happy, enthusiastic person”
- Hidden Complaint
- “I am happy – if others gave me what I wanted, I’d be happier.
- Defense Mechanism
- Repression, Externalization, Acting Out
- Temptations
- To think that fulfilment is somewhere else
- Saving Grace
- Enthusiasm for things they love
- Structural Patterns
- Responsiveness
- Cognitive Error
- Anticipation of the future – loss of immediacy
- Parental Orientation
- Disconnected to the nurturing-figure
- Key Motivation
- Want to be happy and satisfied
- To have a wide variety of experiences
- To keep their options open
- To enjoy life and amuse themselves
- To escape anxiety
- At Their Best
- Assimilate experiences in depth
- Grateful and appreciative for what they have
- Awed by the simple wonders of life
- Joyous
- Ecstatic
- Intimations of spiritual reality
- Boundless goodness of life
- Healthy
- Highly responsive
- Excitable
- Enthusiastic about sensation and experience
- Extroverted type
- Stimuli bring immediate responses
- Find everything invigorating
- Lively
- Vivacious
- Eager
- Spontaneous
- Resilient,
- Cheerful
- Easily become accomplished achievers
- Generalists who do many different things well
- Multitalented
- Practical
- Productive
- Usually prolific
- Cross-fertilizing areas of interest
- Average
- Acquisitive
- Materialistic
- “worldly wise”
- Constantly amusing themselves with new things and experiences
- The sophisticate
- The connoisseur
- The consumer
- Money importance
- Variety seeker
- Keeps up with the latest trends
- Hyperactive
- Unable to say no to themselves
- Unable to deny themselves anything
- Uninhibited
- Doing and saying whatever comes to mind
- Storyteller
- Flamboyant exaggerations
- Wisecracking
- Performer
- Fear being bored
- Always in perpetual motion,
- doing too many things
- Superficial dilettantes
- Conspicuous consumption and all forms of excess
- Self-centered
- Greedy
- Never feeling that they have enough
- Demanding
- Pushy
- Unsatisfied
- Crude
- Jaded
- Addictive
- Hardened
- Insensitive
- Unhealthy
- Offensive and abusive while going after what they want.
- Impulsive
- Infantile
- Do not know when to stop
- Addictions
- Excesses
- Debauched
- Depraved
- Dissipated escapists
- In flight from self
- Act out impulses rather than deal with anxiety or frustrations
- Out of control
- Erratic mood swings
- Act compulsively (manias)
- Energy and health is completely spent
- Claustrophobic
- Panic-stricken.
- Often give up on themselves and life
- Deep depression
- Despair
- Self-destructive overdoses
- Impulsive suicide
- Level 1 Healthy
- The Ecstatic Appreciator
- Level 2 Healthy
- The Free-Spirited Optimist
- Level 3 Healthy
- The Accomplished Generalist
- Level 4 Average
- The Experienced Sophisticate
- Level 5 Average
- The Hyperactive Extrovert
- Level 6 Average
- The Excessive Hedonist
- Level 7 Unhealthy
- The Impulsive Escapist
- Level 8 Unhealthy
- The Manic Compulsive
- Level 9 Unhealthy
- The Panic-Stricken “Hysteric”
- Characteristics
- My desire to think positive can sometimes be like an addiction.
- I like to do something new, not the same old thing.
- I like to do so many things that it’s easy to spread myself too thin.
- I feel an urge to escape when I land in situations that require an emotional commitment.
- I’m optimistic about most things.
- I’ve got so many ideas buzzing around in my head that it can be hard to work on just one at a time.
- Ideas often come to me like lightning flashes.
- I tend to see other people as equals.
- I appreciate good food, good company, and the good life.
- My natural exuberance usually keeps me from getting bogged down in heavy emotions.
- It’s just not that much fun to do only one activity at a time.
- I try to keep my options open.
- It’s my nature to seek novelty, not routine.
- I can often pick ideas “out of the air.”
- When I get grounded, it helps me carry out existing plans instead of just developing new ones.
- I’m good at making people laugh, because I have a quick wit and don’t take myself too seriously.
- I get jazzed by innovative projects or visionary ideas.
- I’m naturally playful, fun-loving, and free-spirited.
- My mind is quick, but not particularly thorough.
- Freedom matters more to me than almost anything else.
- Holy Idea
- 8. The Leader:
- Holy Idea
- Holy Truth
- Virtue
- Innocence [ lacking a knowledge of evil]
- Fixation
- Vengeance [Objectification] [concrete representation of an abstract idea or principle]
- Negative Passion
- Lust
- Basic Fear
- Of being harmed, controlled and violated
- Basic Desire
- To protect themselves
- In Search of
- Survival [physical and legacy]
- Healthy Sense of Self
- “I am strong, assertive person”
- Hidden Complaint
- “I am fighting for my survival – others would take advantage of me”
- Defense Mechanism
- Repression, Displacement, Denial
- Temptations
- To think that they are completely self-sufficient
- Saving Grace
- Know that confrontations threatens survival
- Structural Patterns
- Expansiveness
- Cognitive Error
- Feel that they are constantly working against something
- Parental Orientation
- Ambivalent to the nurturing-figure
- Key Motivation
- Want to be self-reliant
- To resist their weakness
- To have an impact on the environment
- To assert themselves
- To stay in control
- To prevail over others
- To be invincible
- At Their Best
- Self-restrained
- Magnanimous
- Merciful
- Forbearing
- Mastering self through their self-surrender to a higher authority.
- Courageous
- Willing to put self in serious jeopardy to achieve their vision
- Have a lasting influence
- May achieve true heroism and historical greatness
- Healthy
- Self-assertive
- Self-confident
- Strong
- Able to stand up for what they need and want
- Resourceful
- “can do” attitude
- Passionate inner drive
- Decisive
- Authoritative
- Commanding
- Take initiative
- Make things happen
- Champion people
- Providing
- Protective
- Honorable
- Carry others with their strength
- Average
- Self-sufficiency
- Financial independence
- Having enough resources are important concerns
- Enterprising
- Pragmatic
- “rugged individualists,”
- wheeler-dealers
- Risk-taker
- Hardworking
- Denying own emotional needs
- Dominate their environment, including others
- Feel that others are behind them, supporting their efforts.
- The “boss” whose word is law
- Swaggering
- Boastful
- Forceful
- Expansive
- Proud
- Egocentric
- Impose their will and vision
- Not seeing others as equals
- Not treating other with respect
- Highly combative
- Intimidating
- Confrontational
- Belligerent
- Creating adversarial relationships
- Everything becomes a test of wills
- Will not back down
- Use threats and reprisals to get obedience from others, to keep others off-balance and insecure
- Unhealthy
- Ruthless
Dictatorial
“might makes right.”
The criminal
The outlaw
The renegade
The con artist
Hardhearted
Immoral
Potentially violent
Delusional ideas about their power
Delusional ideas about their invincibility
Delusional ideas about their ability to prevail
Megalomania
Feel omnipotent
Invulnerable
Recklessly overextend themselves
They get in danger
May brutally destroy everything that has not conformed to their will rather than surrender to anyone else
Vengeful
Barbaric
Murderous
Sociopathic tendencies
- Ruthless
- Level 1 Healthy
- The Magnanimous Heart
- Level 2 Healthy
- The Self-Confident Person
- Level 3 Healthy
- The Constructive Leader
- Level 4 Average
- The Enterprising Adventurer
- Level 5 Average
- The Dominating Power Broker
- Level 6 Average
- The Confrontational Adversary
- Level 7 Unhealthy
- The Ruthless Outlaw
- Level 8 Unhealthy
- The Omnipotent Megalomaniac
- Level 9 Unhealthy
- The Violent Destroyer
- Characteristics
- I’m a force to be reckoned with.
- My bluntness can sometimes blow people away.
- People say I have a powerful aura.
- I can both make the rules and enforce them.
- I look out for people who can’t look out for themselves.
- People see me as a natural leader.
- I don’t have to prove anything to anybody.
- I have the strength to take on tasks that would defeat a weaker person.
- Controlling my temper is tough.
- When I walk in the room full of people, I immediately sense who’s in charge.
- I take things personally and don’t care who knows it.
- My word is my bond.
- I don’t mind giving tough love when it’s needed.
- I’m the chief in my circle of friends.
- Feeling vulnerable makes me squirm.
- I always protect what’s mine.
- I’m a natural survivor, and I have the supplies stockpiled to prove it!
- I have big appetites and “larger than life” desires.
- If I walk into a group that lacks a leader, I’ll take charge.
- I take action when other people are still trying to sort out their feelings.
- Holy Idea
- 9. The Peacemaker:
- Holy Idea
- Holy Love
- Virtue
- Action
- Fixation
- Indolence [Daydreaming]
- Negative Passion
- Sloth [disinclination to work]
- Basic Fear
- Of loss, separation and fragmentation
- Basic Desire
- Peace of mind and wholeness
- In Search of
- Harmony and stability
- Healthy Sense of Self
- “I am peaceful, easy going person”
- Hidden Complaint
- “I am content – others pressure me to change”
- Defense Mechanism
- Repression, Dissociation Denial
- Temptations
- To avoid conflicts and self-assertion
- Saving Grace
- Value relationships – so receptive to change
- Structural Patterns
- Self-effacement
- Cognitive Error
- Peace of mind by disengaging from instincts and reality.
- Parental Orientation
- Connected with both parents
- Key Motivation
- Want to be peaceful
- To have serenity and peace of mind
- To create harmony in their environment
- To preserve things as they are
- To avoid conflicts and tension
- To escape upsetting problems and demands on them
- At Their Best
- Self-possessed
- Feeling autonomous and fulfilled
- Have great equanimity and contentment because they are present to themselves
- Paradoxically, at one with self
- Able to form more profound relationships
- More alive, awake, alert to self and others
- Healthy
- Deeply receptive
- Accepting
- Unselfconscious
- Emotionally stable
- Serene
- Trusting of self and others
- At ease with self and life
- Innocent
- Simple
- Patient
- Unpretentious
- Good-natured
- Genuinely nice
- Imaginative
- Creative
- Attuned to nonverbal communication
- Optimistic
- Reassuring
- Supportive
- Have a healing and calming influence—harmonizing groups
- Brings people together
- Good mediator
- Synthesizer
- Communicator
- Average
- Self-effacing
- Agreeable
- Accommodating
- Idealizing others and “going along” with things to avoid conflict
- Have a “philosophy of life” that enables them to quiet their anxieties quickly
- Submerge themselves in fulfilling functions for others.
- In their reactions, they are unresponsive and complacent
- Walks away from problems and “sweeping them under the rug.”
- Passive
- Disengaged
- Unreflective
- Inattentive.
- Thinking hazy
- Ruminative mostly about their fantasies
- “tune out” reality
- Oblivious.
- Emotional indolence
- Unwillingness to exert self (and stay focused) on problems
- Passive-aggressive
- Indifferent
- Minimize problems to appease others and to have “peace at any price.”
- Fatalistic
- Resigned
- Stubborn
- Resistant to influence
- Practice wishful thinking
- Waits for magical solutions.
- Inadvertently create conflicts with others by their denial and obstinacy
- Unhealthy
- Repressed
- Undeveloped
- Ineffectual
- Do not want to deal with problems
- Depressed
- Listless
- Dissociating self from all conflicts
- Neglectful
- Dangerously irresponsible
- Wanting to block out of awareness anything that could affect them
- They dissociate so much that they eventually cannot function
- Numb
- Depersonalized
- Severely disoriented
- Catatonic [muscular rigidity]
- They abandon themselves, turning into shattered shells
- Multiple personalities possible
- Level 1 Healthy
- The Self-Possessed Guide
- Level 2 Healthy
- The Receptive Person
- Level 3 Healthy
- The Supportive Peacemaker
- Level 4 Average
- The Accommodating Role Player
- Level 5 Average
- The Disengage Participant
- Level 6 Average
- The Resigned Fatalist
- Level 7 Unhealthy
- The Denying Doormat
- Level 8 Unhealthy
- The Dissociating Automaton
- Level 9 Unhealthy
- The Self-Abandoning Ghost
- Characteristics
- Most people see me as more peaceful than I really am.
- Being in nature is deeply soothing to me.
- I can get cranky when things get too complex.
- I can be stubborn in a way that avoids direct confrontation.
- I am able to create harmony in my environment.
- I can’t help but see both sides of almost any question.
- I like to keep life simple and uncomplicated.
- Details of my childhood sometimes seem hazy and far away.
- I often find it hard to accomplish something without getting distracted by other tasks.
- In a group situation, I usually prefer to blend in, rather than take the lead or voice objections.
- Having daily routines helps me stay on track and get things done.
- Often I feel that my personal opinions aren’t all that essential to a group discussion.
- Impartial listening comes easily to me.
- I generally enjoy puttering around and losing myself in the small tasks of ordinary life.
- Most people see me as non-judgmental and easy-going.
- Sometimes it’s hard to get around to my own personal needs.
- Tolerance comes easily to me.
- Familiar comforts bring me a sense of peace.
- Big personal decisions can paralyze me.
- It’s easy to let my friends decide how we spend our time together.
- Holy Idea
- 1. The Reformer:
- 9 Personality Types: Characteristics
- 1. The Reformer:
- I can feel irritated for no special reason.
- Getting the job done right is more important than getting the job done fast.
- As a child, I was more serious and realistic than many other children.
- No one’s more critical of me than I am of myself.
- I like to concentrate on exactly one thing at a time and do not appreciate distractions.
- As a parent or guardian, I’m more strict than permissive.
- People who don’t take things seriously annoy me.
- I’ve been called a perfectionist, although I don’t feel very perfect.
- I want to be certain that I’m meeting my own high standards for conduct.
- When I care about people, I want to improve their behavior.
- Upholding ethics and principles is extremely important to me.
- I have a very active inner critic.
- I find it hard not to judge people too harshly.
- I feel quite guilty when I get angry without justification.
- Friends sometimes tell me I’m too hard on myself.
- I become tense or critical more easily than most people.
- In intimate relationships, I often experience jealous feelings, even though I don’t approve of them.
- The words “should” and “ought” crop up a lot in my thinking.
- Sometimes I feel like I’m just going to explode.
- Knowing I’m correct takes the edge off the tension I feel.
- 2. The Helper:
- I hate asking for help, even though I like giving it.
- I find it hard to hold back when it comes to offering help and advice.
- I take pride in the way I put people at ease.
- It’s hard not to cry when I feel sentimental, even when I’m in public.
- I find it unnerving to talk with people who don’t seem emotionally engaged.
- I’m so much more of a heart person than a head person.
- There’s nothing I enjoy like making introductions and helping people get to know one another.
- I can’t imagine life without my many acquaintances and social contacts.
- My first instinct is always to help people, whether or not they ask for it.
- Pride is both my greatest strength and my greatest weakness.
- Giving, caring, and sharing mean a lot to me.
- I can get very wrapped up in my concern for others.
- It’s unacceptably humiliating to be publicly criticized.
- Because I do so much for others, I sometimes feel entitled to special treatment.
- It’s important for me to be a sympathetic listener and supportive friend.
- I’m strongly drawn to humanitarian work with people or animals.
- I’m a natural nurturer.
- Friends describe me as warm, romantic, and affectionate.
- I’m willing to sacrifice in order to be in relationship.
- Feeling appreciated means so much to me.
- 3. The Motivator:
- I like the idea of involving my intimate partner in my work life, so we don’t drift apart.
Meeting my deadline matters more than getting every tiny detail just right.
Being a winner makes my efforts worthwhile.
My desire to achieve knows no bounds.
I tend to get myself so heavily scheduled with work that there’s not much time to simply sit and reflect.
Sometimes it’s hard to tell the difference between the image I project and the person I am inside.
I work hard to succeed because failure is just not an option.
I’m very aware of the impression I make on others.
Making time for relationships can be hard because of my busy schedule.
Nothing motivates me like high achievement.
Public recognition means a lot to me.
I can adapt my dress and behavior to the needs of the situation.
I can ignore painful emotions to get the job done.
More than anything, I’m a “can do” kind of person.
Being in the public eye is something I generally enjoy.
Whatever I do, I always try to exceed my personal best.
Achievement and recognition let me know I’m targeting my goals.
The term “Type A personality” was coined with me in mind.
Making a good impression is important to me.
I’m a great team player.
- I like the idea of involving my intimate partner in my work life, so we don’t drift apart.
- 4. The Individualist:
- I often feel a sense of longing without really knowing why.
- I can embrace the sweet side of sorrow.
- Emotionally intense situations make me feel really alive.
- Even when I seem accepted by a group, it’s hard to feel that I really belong.
- Finding my purpose in life means everything to me.
- I value originality more than success.
- Conforming to group norms doesn’t allow me to express who I really am.
- I find it hard to bear those aspects of life that dull the heart and kill the soul.
- Being authentic matters more to me than material success.
- Emotional inauthenticy really bothers me.
- My deep emotions are my greatest creative resource.
- When I resonate with someone, it’s not on a superficial level.
- Although I long to be accepted, I hate the idea of mindless conformity.
- Translating my inner vision into a work of art can be incredibly compelling.
- Being in an environment that’s plastic and impersonal just drains the life right out of me.
- I’m very sensitive to the moods of other people.
- I know how it feels to experience intense loneliness.
- Many people find me too emotionally intense or dramatic.
- Being alone allows me to get in touch with my innermost self.
- I easily identify with the wounds I’ve received in life.
- 5. The Investigator:
- Having a private space is a necessity, not a luxury.
- I prefer to thoroughly think through a problem before I act.
- I like to read up in advance before trying some new activity.
- I’m sometimes seen by others as socially unresponsive.
- I am a careful observer of people and situations.
- I enjoy puzzling out ingenious solutions to unusual problems.
- I find public displays of emotion unappealing.
- Games can fascinate me too much.
- I like to study intricate patterns and complex concepts.
- I tend to mentally tune out when people push for an emotional reaction.
- When I like art, it’s often something quirky or unusual.
- Sometimes it takes time for my emotions to catch up with my thoughts.
- I don’t care for interruptions when I’m trying to think through a problem.
- It’s not hard to be discreet when necessary.
- I’m a systems thinker who can separate thought from emotion.
- I value intellectual exchange more than emotional sharing.
- I often become an expert on the topics I study.
- I’m more detached than emotional.
- Small talk doesn’t do much for me.
- I mentally zone out when I lack time alone.
- 6. The Loyalist:
- My feelings of apprehension are less intense when I have a project to work on.
Making other people laugh helps me feel calmer and less anxious.
Learning to assert myself gives me confidence and lessens my anxiety.
Maintaining close ties with friends and family helps me feel safe in a chaotic world.
Although I can easily imagine panicking in a crisis, when a real emergency comes along, I do surprisingly well.
Faith and trust are hard for me, because I doubt things that most people seem to take for granted.
My attention too easily goes to worst-case scenarios, even when they are not likely to happen.
I tend to either respect or defy authority.
I’m always aware of the rules I’m supposed to follow, whether I choose to conform to them or break them.
It’s hard not to feel nervous when meeting new people.
I’m more willing than a lot of people to do the “grunt” work on a group project.
I’m a particularly reliable, loyal, and steady employee.
I have a lot of nervous energy and an overactive imagination.
Sometimes going on the offense is the only way to conquer fear.
My home and family provide me with a safe haven in an unsafe world.
I rarely embrace ideas that haven’t stood the test of time.
I’m very loyal to people who have earned my trust.
I use my “inner radar” to intuit the motives of others and decide whether or not it’s safe to trust them.
I can be a fiesty scrapper who sticks up for the underdog.
It’s sometimes easier to directly confront my fears than allow my imagination to run wild.
- My feelings of apprehension are less intense when I have a project to work on.
- 7. The Enthusiast:
- My desire to think positive can sometimes be like an addiction.
- I like to do something new, not the same old thing.
- I like to do so many things that it’s easy to spread myself too thin.
- I feel an urge to escape when I land in situations that require an emotional commitment.
- I’m optimistic about most things.
- I’ve got so many ideas buzzing around in my head that it can be hard to work on just one at a time.
- Ideas often come to me like lightning flashes.
- I tend to see other people as equals.
- I appreciate good food, good company, and the good life.
- My natural exuberance usually keeps me from getting bogged down in heavy emotions.
- It’s just not that much fun to do only one activity at a time.
- I try to keep my options open.
- It’s my nature to seek novelty, not routine.
- I can often pick ideas “out of the air.”
- When I get grounded, it helps me carry out existing plans instead of just developing new ones.
- I’m good at making people laugh, because I have a quick wit and don’t take myself too seriously.
- I get jazzed by innovative projects or visionary ideas.
- I’m naturally playful, fun-loving, and free-spirited.
- My mind is quick, but not particularly thorough.
- Freedom matters more to me than almost anything else.
- 8. The Leader:
- I’m a force to be reckoned with.
- My bluntness can sometimes blow people away.
- People say I have a powerful aura.
- I can both make the rules and enforce them.
- I look out for people who can’t look out for themselves.
- People see me as a natural leader.
- I don’t have to prove anything to anybody.
- I have the strength to take on tasks that would defeat a weaker person.
- Controlling my temper is tough.
- When I walk in the room full of people, I immediately sense who’s in charge.
- I take things personally and don’t care who knows it.
- My word is my bond.
- I don’t mind giving tough love when it’s needed.
- I’m the chief in my circle of friends.
- Feeling vulnerable makes me squirm.
- I always protect what’s mine.
- I’m a natural survivor, and I have the supplies stockpiled to prove it!
- I have big appetites and “larger than life” desires.
- If I walk into a group that lacks a leader, I’ll take charge.
- I take action when other people are still trying to sort out their feelings.
- 9. The Peacemaker:
- Most people see me as more peaceful than I really am.
- Being in nature is deeply soothing to me.
- I can get cranky when things get too complex.
- I can be stubborn in a way that avoids direct confrontation.
- I am able to create harmony in my environment.
- I can’t help but see both sides of almost any question.
- I like to keep life simple and uncomplicated.
- Details of my childhood sometimes seem hazy and far away.
- I often find it hard to accomplish something without getting distracted by other tasks.
- In a group situation, I usually prefer to blend in, rather than take the lead or voice objections.
- Having daily routines helps me stay on track and get things done.
- Often I feel that my personal opinions aren’t all that essential to a group discussion.
- Impartial listening comes easily to me.
- I generally enjoy puttering around and losing myself in the small tasks of ordinary life.
- Most people see me as non-judgmental and easy-going.
- Sometimes it’s hard to get around to my own personal needs.
- Tolerance comes easily to me.
- Familiar comforts bring me a sense of peace.
- Big personal decisions can paralyze me.
- It’s easy to let my friends decide how we spend our time together.
- 1. The Reformer:
- Part I
- Chapter 1 Understanding Personality Types
- Chapter 2 Origins
- Chapter 3 Guidelines
- The Structure of the Enneagram
The Enneagram58
The Triads67
The Dialectical Structure of the Triads69
three types on the equilateral triangle70
Three Six andNine70
“primary” personality types because they have the most trouble andare the most blocked in some way with feeling thinking or instinct70
The Basic Personality Type71287
First people do not change from one basic personality type toanother72141
Second the descriptions of the personality types are universal and applyequally to males and females since no type is inherently masculine or feminine72141
Third not everything in the description of your basic type will apply to youall the time.72322
Fourth as we have seen the Enneagram uses numbers to designate each ofthe personality types42
pathological characteristics
- the obsessive type
- thedepressive type
- the psychopathic type
- the antisocial type
Fifth no personality type is inherently better or worse than any other1
Identifying Your Basic Personality Type75208
- 2. The HelperThe Two is caring generous possessive and manipulative.
- 3. The MotivatorThe Three is adaptable ambitious imageconscious and hostile.
- 4. The IndividualistThe Four is intuitive expressive selfabsorbed and depressive.
- 5. The InvestigatorThe Five is perceptive original detached and eccentric.
- 6. The LoyalistThe Six is engaging committed defensive and paranoid.
- 7. The EnthusiastThe Seven is enthusiastic accomplished uninhibited and manic.
- 8. The LeaderThe Eight is selfconfident decisive dominating and combative.
- 9. The PeacemakerThe Nine is peaceful reassuring complacent and neglectful.
- 1. The ReformerThe One is principled orderly perfectionistic and selfrighteous.
A. Feeling Triad: Personality Types Two Three and Four60
- These three personality types have common assets and liabilities which involvetheir feelings.
When these types are healthy their feelings are the focus of whatis admirable about their personalities enabling them to become highly valuedfor their interpersonal qualities
When they are unhealthy however theiremotions are out of balance in one way or another
The strengths of healthy Twos result from the ability to sustain positivefeelings for others.
Healthy Twos775
- compassionate
- generous
- loving
- thoughtful
- they go out of their way to be of service to people
AverageTwos775
- possessive
controlling
needy
but not able to express their needsdirectly
They want to be loved
but often intrude on others too much
particularly rage and resentment
They want others to see them as loving andgood all of the time even when they manipulate people and act selfishly
Unhealthy Twos775
- deceive themselves about the presence of their negative feelingsparticularly rage and resentment
They want others to see them as loving andgood all of the time even when they manipulate people and act selfishly
Healthy Threes775
- involve the desire to improve themselves
ability to adapt to others
quickly learn how to make thebest of most situations
hey are interested in building and maintaining highselfesteem
able to motivate others to want to be like them becausethey are genuinely admirable in some socially valued way
Average Threes775
- the most out of touch with their emotions and individuality
- suppress their feelings in order to perform more effectivelyand to make others like them
- They lose touch with their feelings as they try toget the success and affirmation they crave
Unhealthy Threes77484
- can become hostileand extremely malicious if they do not get the admiring attention they desire
Healthy Fours77484
- involve intuitive selfawareness
very personal
revealing and communicating their feelings in ways thatenable others to get in touch with their own emotions
Average Fours77484
- become too aware of their feelings especially their negative ones
- withdrawingfrom others and living too much in their imaginations
Unhealthy Fours77484
- extremely depressed and alienated from others
- tormented by selfdoubt and selfhatred
- They become suicidal when they can no longer cope with reality
The Two Three and Four have common problems
The Two Three and Four have common problems with their identity andwith hostility which they may take out either on themselves or on others orboth
- the issues of Fours
- the issues of Fours are virtually the reverse of those found inTwos
Fours have problems with their identity because they are never quite surewho they really are
Fours do not identify much with other people and so turninward to the world of feelings and imagination to construct a selfimage
Their problems with identity stem from a rejection of their own authenticself in favor of a persona that they believe would be more acceptable in someway.
“false selfimage”
this is the central problem for these types
all three are highlyconcerned with issues of selfesteem personal value appreciation and shameand with getting others to validate the selfimage they have created
Twos have problems with their selfimagein the sense that they reject many of their true feelings and qualities especiallytheir hurt need and shame in order to see themselves (and have others seethem) as entirely loving generous people83
Twos may well be loving andgenerous but as they become more disappointed with others and more lonelythey increasingly suppress their real feelings to maintain their “loving” selfimage.
This leads them into selfdeception suppressing their anger manipulationof others and increased frustration and sadness
The underlying problem is that Twos look primarily outside themselves toother people for validation of their “selfless” selfimage
They seek specificresponses that let them know that they are loved and appreciated
Twos repress their disappointment and redoubletheir efforts to get the positive reactions they want
Twos become caught in a pattern of tryingtoo hard to win people over eventually driving them away and becoming moreresentful and heartbroken themselves
- the issues of Fours are virtually the reverse of those found inTwos
Two60
Three60
Four60
B. Thinking Triad: Personality Types Five Six and Seven81182
- These three personality types have common assets and liabilities which involvethinking.
Healthy Fives815
- extremely knowledgeable about someaspect of their environment and are capable of brilliant original inventivesolutions to problems
Average Fives815
- feel more at home with thinkingand imagining than with doing and so get lost in the mazes of their minds whiletheir lives and opportunities diminish
UnhealthyFives815
- create more problems for themselves than they solve because they havebecome so completely isolated from reality. They are unable to know what isreal or unreal true or untrue
Healthy Sixes81241
- involve the ability to think systematically andto foresee potential problems.81241
When healthy Sixes act it is to everyone’s mutualbenefit81241
As loyal and faithful friends they are committed to others and they lookfor the same qualities from others.81241
Average Sixes81241
- however look outsidethemselves too much for “permission” to act from an authority figure or beliefsystem which will tell them what to do81241
Unsure of themselves unless theauthority is on their side they nevertheless feel they must assert themselvesagainst the authority to prove their independence at least from time to time
Unhealthy Sixes82280
- succumb to anxiety and feelings of inferiority and insecurityselfdestructively bringing about the very consequences they most fear.
Healthy Sevens82280
- involve their remarkably quick and avid mindswhich give them the ability to do many things exceptionally well
exuberantly enthusiastic about the environment becoming extremelyaccomplished in a wide variety of activities
AverageSevens82280
- becomes extremely restless moving from one topic to the next beforeanything can be completed engaged in an unending search for new experiences
This causes them to do more of everything although ironically the more theydo the less they are satisfied.
They want to keep their minds occupied at alltimes so that their anxiety will not get to them.
They constantly imagine that theyare “missing out” on something that would be more enjoyable than their currentactivity and greedily want more of everything so they will not feel deprived
Unhealthy Sevens
- become selfcentered dissipated escapists flying impulsivelyout of control
The Five Six and Seven have common problems with insecurity andanxiety which they handle in different ways depending on the personality type82
- In all three types a pervasive fear or anxiety arises from a profound feeling oflack of support either from others or from the environment82
Because they areanxious about not having the support they feel they need the types of this Triadeach use a different solution to gain some degree of security as a defense againsttheir fear82
Fives are anxious about the world around them and their ability to cope withit. They experience the environment as potentially threatening andoverwhelming and view themselves as unable to meet many of life’s demands.In response to these fears
- Fives seek security in two main ways: first bydeveloping expertise in some area of knowledge or activity as a way ofreinforcing their selfconfidence and second by reducing their connections withand dependencies on others as much as possible
Fives begin to view mostaspects of the external world as overpowering and so increasingly withdrawinto the safety of their minds and imaginations.
Fives deal with theirfear of the environment by retreating from it until they can develop the skill orknowledge to cope with it.
Seven there is virtually a reverse of the strategy of the Five8364
- Sevensat first glance do not appear to be afraid of very much at all. They approach lifewith great gusto and exuberance and do not seem to hesitate to explore newexperiences activities or relationships.8364
A closer look though will reveal thatSevens are anxious about their inner reality.8364
Not wanting to feel their anxietyand pain they plunge into activity as soon as any degree of fear arises intoawareness.8364
Sevens doubt their ability to cope with their losses and grief and soturn to the environment for support and to defend themselves against intolerablefeelings.
Whereas Fives retreat from the external world of activity into thesecurity of their minds83310
Sevens flee from the anxiety in their minds by findingsecurity in the external world of activity83310
Sixes in the middle of the Thinking Triad
- have anxieties about both theexternal environment and their inner world of fear and grief.
Sixes try toestablish support systems in the world that they hope will fend off real worlddangers.
they attempt to establish a consistent belief systemwhich will also give them a sense of security and defend them from their innerdemons
Sixes will be more direct in the ways that they seek security andsupport turning to things outside of themselves as sources of reassurance
Sixes depend on for security could be anything from a secure job to a goodfriend to a philosophical or religious system of thought
Sixes illustrate clearly the central themes for the whole Triad: anxiety a feelingof being without adequate support and a search for security.
When these types are healthy their remarkable insights ideas andability to understand things is unequaled by the other personality types: they arefrequently responsible for outstanding practical creative or scientificachievements.
When they are unhealthy however their thinking gets out ofbalance in one way or another
C. Instinctive Triad: Personality Types Eight Nine and One85356
- These three personality types have in common assets and liabilities whichinvolve instinct
When they are healthy these types relate to their environmentand to others exceptionally well responding from a deep wisdom withinthemselves frequently as leaders of one kind or another
However when theyare unhealthy they become out of balance with how they relate to the world andother people.
Healthy Eights
- healthy Eights are based on a tremendous vitality and a keenintuition that can see possibilities in situations and in people that others oftenmiss.
They feel strong and capable and can use their immense selfconfidencecourage and leadership abilities to inspire others to great accomplishments
Average Eights
- tend to dominate everything in the environment tooaggressively asserting themselves impulsively and indulging their instinctualneeds for control and satisfaction without much regard for the consequences
Unhealthy Eights
- relate to their environment as bullies and tyrants ruthlesslytearing down anyone and anything that stands in their way
Healthy Nines85458
- The assets of healthy Nines are based on their openness their ability toidentify intimately with a person or belief and a centeredness that enables themto remain calm even when others around them are reacting hysterically85458
Thereceptiveness optimism and peacefulness of healthy Nines are reassuring toothers enabling others to flourish because Nines create a harmoniousatmosphere for everyone85458
Average Nines85458
- average Nines undermine their owndevelopment (and their ability to deal with reality) by disengaging from a realgrounded connection with their own drives with others and with theenvironment85458
To maintain their tranquillity Nines begin to idealize the other—whether a person or an abstraction—too much85458
Unhealthy Nines85458
- unhealthy Nines becomedangerously fatalistic and neglectful as they cling to what have become littlemore than illusions about reality from which they have dissociated themselves85458
Healthy Ones20
- The strengths of healthy Ones involve the ability to relate impartially to theenvironment; they are consequently able to act with wisdom and conviction20
reasonable fairminded and conscientious guided byprinciples and an inner “knowing” which give them strong consciences and aclear understanding of right and wrong.20
Average Ones20
- average Ones are out ofbalance with their natural drives feelings and instincts which they try to controltoo much8
They strive for nothing less than absolute perfection finding it difficultto accept anything as it is since it can always be better.8
Unhealthy Ones8
- Unhealthy Ones areintolerant and selfrighteous becoming obsessed about the corruption they findin others while ignoring their own contradictory actions.8
In the name of thehighest ideals they can become extraordinarily cruel to themselves and others
Common problems 891
- The Eight Nine and One have common problems with repression andaggression which they handle in different ways depending on the personalitytype.
All three of these types can also be seen as resisting some part of theirexperience to maintain egoboundaries especially by defensively resisting theinfluence of others in different ways
Eights are perhaps the most openly aggressive or assertive of the nine types.87
They express their instinctive energy directly standing up for themselves andsaying what they mean. Their powerful connection with their own vitality givesthem great selfconfidence and they are less intimidated by conflicts than theother types87
Eights resist the external world especially other people.87
They do not want to be too influenced by others for fear that others would getcontrol over them and harm them.87
To prevent this from occurring Eights developa tough defiant stance against the world aggressively asserting their wills toprove to themselves that others cannot “get to them.”87
To do this though Eightsmust repress their vulnerability their tenderness and their desire to be close toothers—a cost that eventually takes its toll on their health and their spirit87
The Wing91330
Now that you have tentatively identified your basic personality type we canbegin to make some refinements. It is important to understand that no one is a”pure” personality type9189
Most people are a unique mixture of their basic type andone of the two types adjacent to it on the circumference of the Enneagram9189
One ofthe two types adjacent to your basic type is called your “wing.”9189
The wing is the “second side” of your overall personality andyou must take it into consideration to understand yourself or someone else.
it is necessary to determine your basic personality type beforeyou can determine which wing you have.92172
In order to determine your wing youhave to know which traits comprise the two types adjacent to your basic type
The best way to diagnose your wing is by reading the full descriptions of the twopossible types and by seeing which one best applies to you.
The extensivedescriptions of the wing subtypes found at the end of each descriptive chapter onthe types should confirm your diagnosis.
The 18RisoHudson Wing Subtypes291
The Levels of Development434
The Direction of Disintegration100
14285719100480
The Direction of Integration1025
1758141691025
Getting Started107
- The ultimate purpose of the Enneagram is to help each of us become a fullyfunctioning person
It helps us to see ourselves more clearly so that we canbecome better balanced and integrated individuals
goal of a full happy life ripe with experiences wellusedmeans that each of us will become a paradox
- free yet constrained bynecessity
- shrewd yet innocent
- open to others yet selfreliant
- strong yet ableto yield
- centered on the highest values yet able to accept imperfection
- realisticabout the suffering existence imposes on us yet full of gratitude for life as it is
- healthy Eights are based on a tremendous vitality and a keenintuition that can see possibilities in situations and in people that others oftenmiss.
- The Structure of the Enneagram
- Part II
- Chapter 4 Type TwoThe Helper
- Type Two: The Helper
- THE TWO IN PROFILE
- Healthy
- Empathetic compassionate feeling with and for others
- Caring andconcerned about their needs.
- Outgoing and passionate they offer friendship andkindness.
- Thoughtful warmhearted forgiving and sincere.
- Encouraging andappreciative able to see the good in others.
- Dedicated and supportive of peoplebringing out the best in them.
- Service is important: they are nurturing generousand giving—truly loving people
- At Their Best
- Deeply unselfish humble andaltruistic giving unconditional love to self and others.
- Feel it is a privilege to bein others’ lives. Radiantly joyful and gracious.
- Average
- Engage in “people pleasing” in order to be closer to othersbecoming overly friendly emotionally demonstrative and full of “goodintentions.”
Bestow seductive attention on others: approval “strokes” flattery
Talkative especially about love and their relationships.
Become overlyintimate and intrusive: they need to be needed so they hover meddle andcontrol in the name of love.
Become overlyintimate and intrusive: they need to be needed so they hover meddle andcontrol in the name of love. Want others to depend on them: give but expect areturn.
Send mixed messages.
Enveloping and possessive: the selfsacrificialparenting persons who cannot do enough for others wearing themselves out foreveryone creating needs for themselves to fulfill.
Increasingly selfimportantand selfsatisfied feel they are indispensable although they overrate their effortsin others’ behalf.
Seek specific forms of repayment for their help.
Hypochondriabecoming a “martyr” for others.
Overbearing patronizing presumptuous
- Engage in “people pleasing” in order to be closer to othersbecoming overly friendly emotionally demonstrative and full of “goodintentions.”
- Unhealthy
- Manipulative and selfserving instilling guilt by making othersfeel indebted to them.
Abuse food and medications to “stuff feelings” and getsympathy.
Undermine people by making belittling disparaging remarks.
Extremely selfdeceptive about their motives and how selfish andor aggressivetheir behavior is.
Domineering and coercive: feel entitled to get anything theywant from others and are bitterly resentful and angry.
Somatization of theiraggressions results in chronic health problems as they vindicate themselves by”falling apart” and burdening others.
- Manipulative and selfserving instilling guilt by making othersfeel indebted to them.
- Key Motivations
- Want to be loved to express their feelings for others tobe needed and appreciated to get others to respond to them to vindicate theirclaims about themselves.
- Examples
- Mother Teresa
- Archbishop Desmond Tutu
- Eleanor Roosevelt
- Barbara Bush
- Robert Fulghum
- Leo Buscaglia
- Luciano Pavarotti
- BarryManilow
- AN OVERVIEW OF THE TWO
- In the Feeling Triad117
- Problems with Hostility and Identity120
- Parental Orientation123
- ANALYZING THE HEALTHY TWO127
- Level 1: The Disinterested Altruist127
- Level 2: The Caring Person129
- Level 3: The Nurturing Helper131
- ANALYZING THE AVERAGE TWO135
- Level 4: The Effusive Friend135
- Level 5: The Possessive “Intimate”1
- Level 6: The Selfimportant “Saint”145
- ANALYZING THE UNHEALTHY TWO149
- Level 7: The SelfDeceptive Manipulator149
- Level 8: The Coercive Domintor153
- Level 9: The Psychosomatic Victim156
- ANALYZING THE DYNAMICS OF THE TWO159
- The Direction of Disintegration: The Two Goes to EightThe Leader159
- The Direction of Integration: The Two Goes to FourThe Individualist162
- THE MAJOR SUBTYPES OF THE TWO164
- The Two with a OneWing: “The Servant”164
- The Two with a ThreeWing: “The HostHostess”166
- SOME FINAL THOUGHTS170
- Chapter 5 Type ThreeThe Motivator
- THE THREE IN PROFILE
Healthy
- Selfassured and energetic with high selfesteem: they believe inthemselves and their own value
Adaptable welladjusted and charming oftenattractive and popular
Realistic and purposeful with a good sense of theirpotential.
Ambitious to improve themselves to “be all that they can be”—oftenbecome outstanding a kind of human ideal embodying widely admired qualities
Others are motivated to be like them in some positive way
Highspirited goalorientedand persistent.
They are effective industrious people
At Their Best
Innerdirected and authentic everything they seem to be
Accept their limitationsand live within them
Selfdeprecatory sense of humor and a childlike innocenceemerge
Charitable genuinely modest and benevolent
Average
- Highly concerned with performance doing the job well beingsuperior and rising above others
Compare themselves with others in search forstatus and success
Become driven careerists and social climbers invested inachievement exclusivity and being a “winner.”
Become imageconscioushighly concerned with how they are perceived.
Begin to present themselvesaccording to the expectations of others and what they need to do in order to besuccessful
Pragmatic and efficient but also studied losing touch with their ownfeelings beneath a smooth façade.
Problems with intimacy credibility andexpediency emerge.
Want to impress others with their superiority: constantlypromoting themselves making themselves sound better than they really are
Narcissistic with grandiose inflated notions about themselves and their talents.
Exhibitionistic and seductive as if saying “Look at me!” Arrogance andcontempt is a defense against feeling jealous of others and their success
Unhealthy
- Fearing failure and humiliation they misrepresent themselvesdistorting the truth of their accomplishments
They can be extremelyunprincipled covetous of the success of others and willing to do “whatever ittakes” to preserve the illusion of their superiority
Exploitative andopportunistic but also deceptive so that their mistakes and wrongdoings will notbe exposed.
Pathological lying extreme hostility and delusional jealousy:betraying and sabotaging people in order to triumph over them
May becomevindictive attempting to ruin what they cannot have.
Relentless obsessive aboutdestroying whatever reminds them of their own shortcomings and failures
Psychopathic tendencies: murder
Key Motivations
Want to feel valuable and worthwhile to be affirmed todistinguish themselves to have attention to be admired and to impress others
Examples
- Bill Clinton
- Christopher Reeve
- Michael Landon
- Richard Gere
- Shirley MacLaine
- Jane Pauley
- Paul McCartney
- Sting
- Tom Cruise
- SharonStone
- Tony Robbins
- Bryant Gumbel
- Dick Clark
- Vanna White
- Brooke Shields
- Kathie Lee Gifford
- Denzel Washington
- Sylvester Stallone
- ArnoldSchwarzenegger
- Truman Capote
- O.J. Simpson
AN OVERVIEW OF THE THREE
In the Feeling Triad177
Problems with Hostility and Narcissism180
Parental Orientation182
ANALYZING THE HEALTHY THREE186
Level 1: The Authentic Person186
Level 2: The SelfAssured Person189
Level 3: The Outstanding Paragon192
ANALYZING THE AVERAGE THREE195
Level 4: The Competitive StatusSeeker195
Level 5: The ImageConscious Pragmatist198
Level 6: The SelfPromoting Narcissist205
ANALYZING THE UNHEALTHY THREE211
Level 7: The Dishonest Opportunist211
Level 8: The Malicious Deceiver214
Level 9: The Vindictive Psychopath216
ANALYZING THE DYNAMICS OF THE THREE
The Direction of Disintegration: The Three Goes to Nine
The Direction of Integration: The Three Goes to Six223
THE MAJOR SUBTYPES OF THE THREE226
The Three with a TwoWing: “The Star”226
The Three with a FourWing: “The Professional”229
SOME FINAL THOUGHTS232
- Selfassured and energetic with high selfesteem: they believe inthemselves and their own value
- THE THREE IN PROFILE
- Chapter 6 Type FourThe Individualist
- Type Four: The Individualist234
- THE FOUR IN PROFILE
- Healthy
- Selfaware introspective engaged in a “search for self” aware offeelings and inner impulses
Sensitive and intuitive both to self and others:gentle tactful compassionate.
Highly personal individualistic true to theirfeelings
Selfrevealing emotionally honest humane
Ironic view of self andlife: can be serious and funny vulnerable and emotionally strong
At Their Best
Profoundly creative expressing the personal and the universal possibly in awork of art
Inspired selfrenewing and regenerating—able to transform alltheir experiences into something valuable: redemptive and selfcreative
- Selfaware introspective engaged in a “search for self” aware offeelings and inner impulses
- Average
- Take an artistic romantic orientation to life creating a beautifulaesthetic environment to cultivate and prolong personal feelings
Heightenreality through fantasy passionate feelings and the imagination.
Long for theidealized partner.
To stay in touch with feelings they interiorize andpersonalize things becoming selfabsorbed hypersensitive shy and selfconscious.
Temperamental and moody they play “hard to get” but still feel likeoutsiders.
Feel that they are different from others and are therefore exempt fromliving as everyone else does until their emotional needs are met.
Becomemelancholy dreamers disdainful decadent and sensual living in a fantasyworld.
Selfpity and envy of others leads to selfindulgence.
Becomeincreasingly impractical unproductive and pretentious—yet waiting for arescuer.
- Take an artistic romantic orientation to life creating a beautifulaesthetic environment to cultivate and prolong personal feelings
- Unhealthy
- When dreams fail become selfinhibiting and angry at selfdepressed and alienated from self and others blocked and emotionallyparalyzed.
Ashamed of self fatigued and unable to function.
Stay withdrawn toprotect their selfimage and to buy time to sort out feelings.
Tormented bydelusional selfcontempt selfreproaches selfhatred and morbid thoughts:everything about them becomes a source of torment.
Blaming others they driveaway anyone who tries to help them.
Despairing feel hopeless and becomeselfdestructive possibly abusing alcohol or drugs to escape
In the extreme:emotional breakdown or suicide is likely.
- When dreams fail become selfinhibiting and angry at selfdepressed and alienated from self and others blocked and emotionallyparalyzed.
- Key Motivations
- Want to be themselves to express themselves insomething beautiful to find the ideal partner to withdraw to protect theirfeelings to take care of emotional needs before attending to anything else
- Examples
- Tennessee Williams
- Jeremy Irons
- Rudolf Nureyev
- IngmarBergman
- J. D. Salinger
- Johnny Depp
- Bob Dylan
- Joni Mitchell
- Edgar Allan Poe
- Virginia Woolf “Blanche DuBois”
- AN OVERVIEW OF THE FOUR237
- In the Feeling Triad2
- Problems with Identity242
- Parental Orientation244
- Problems with Hostility and Despair247
- ANALYZING THE HEALTHY FOUR250
- Level 1: The Inspired Creator250
- Level 2: The SelfAware Intuitive252
- Level 3: The SelfRevealing Individual256
- ANALYZING THE AVERAGE FOUR259
- Level 4: The Imaginative Aesthete259
- Level 5: The SelfAbsorbed Romantic263
- Level 6: The SelfIndulgent “Exception”269
- ANALYZING THE UNHEALTHY FOUR275
- Level 7: The Alienated Depressive275
- Level 8: The Emotionally Tormented Person277
- Level 9: The SelfDestructive Person280
- THE DYNAMICS OF THE FOUR282
- The Direction of Disintegration: The Four Goes to Two282
- The Direction of Integration: The Four Goes to One286
- THE MAJOR SUBTYPES OF THE FOUR288
- The Four with a ThreeWing: “The Aristocrat”288
- The Four with a FiveWing: “The Bohemian”291
- SOME FINAL THOUGHTS295
- Chapter 7 Type FiveThe Investigator
- Type Five: The Investigator297
- THE FIVE IN PROFILE
- Healthy
- Observe everything with extraordinary perceptiveness and insight.
- Arementally alert curious have a searching intelligence: nothing escapes theirnotice
- Display foresight and prediction abilities
- Able to concentrate: becomeengrossed in what has caught their attention
- Attain skillful mastery of whateverinterests them
- Excited by knowledge: often become expert in some field
- Innovative and inventive producing extremely valuable original works
- Highlyindependent idiosyncratic and whimsical.
- At Their Best
- Become visionariesbroadly comprehending the world while penetrating it profoundly
- Openmindedtake things in whole in their true context.
- Make pioneering discoveries and findentirely new ways of doing and perceiving things
- Average
- Begin conceptualizing everything before acting—working thingsout in their minds: model building preparing practicing gathering resources
Studious acquiring technique.
Become specialized and often “intellectual”:involvement in research scholarship and building theories.
Increasinglydetached as they become involved with complicated ideas or imaginary worlds.
Become preoccupied with their visions and interpretations rather than reality.
Are fascinated by offbeat esoteric subjects even those involving dark anddisturbing elements.
Detached from the practical world a “disembodied mind”although highstrung and intense.
Begin to take an antagonistic stance towardanything which would interfere with their inner world and personal vision.
Become provocative and abrasive with intentionally extreme and radical views.
Cynical and argumentative.
- Begin conceptualizing everything before acting—working thingsout in their minds: model building preparing practicing gathering resources
- Unhealthy
- Become reclusive and isolated from reality eccentric andnihilistic.
Highly unstable and fearful of aggressions: they reject and repulseothers and all social attachments.
Get obsessed with yet frightened by theirthreatening ideas becoming horrified delirious and prey to gross distortionsand phobias.
Seeking oblivion they may commit suicide or have a psychoticbreak with reality.
Deranged explosively selfdestructive with schizophrenicovertones.
- Become reclusive and isolated from reality eccentric andnihilistic.
- Key Motivations
- Want to be capable and competent to master a body ofknowledge and skill to explore reality to remain undisturbed by others toreduce their needs
- Examples
- Albert Einstein
- Stephen Hawking
- Friedrich Nietzsche
- StanleyKubrick
- Georgia O’Keeffe
- Emily Dickinson
- Simone Weil
- Bill Gates
- JeanPaul Sartre
- Jacob Bronowski
- James Joyce
- Gary Larson
- David Lynch
- StephenKing
- Tim Burton
- Clive Barker
- Laurie Anderson
- Meredith Monk
- John Cage
- Glenn Gould
- Charles Ives
- Bobby Fischer
- Vincent van Gogh.
- AN OVERVIEW OF THE FIVE
- In the Thinking Triad301
- Problems with Security and Anxiety302
- Parental Orientation305
- Problems with Detachment and Phobia307
- ANALYZING THE HEALTHY FIVE309
- Level 1: The Pioneering Visionary309
- Level 2: The Perceptive Observer311
- Level 3: The Focused Innovator315
- ANALYZING THE AVERAGE FIVE319
- Level 4: The Studious Expert319
- Level 5: The Intense Conceptualizer323
- Level 6: The Provocative Cynic331
- ANALYZING THE UNHEALTHY FIVE337
- Level 7: The Isolated Nihilist337
- Level 8: The Terrified “Alien”341
- Level 9: The Imploding Schizoid345
- THE DYNAMICS OF THE FIVE
- The Direction of Disintegration: The Five Goes to Seven
- The Direction of Integration: The Five Goes to Eight
- THE MAJOR SUBTYPES OF THE FIVE354
- The Five with a FourWing: “The Iconoclast”354
- The Five with a SixWing: “The Problem Solver”
- SOME FINAL THOUGHTS362
- Chapter 8 Type SixThe Loyalist
- Type Six: The Loyalist364
- THE SIX IN PROFILE
- Healthy
- Able to engage others and identify with them; steadfast earnest andaffectionate
Trust important: bonding with others forming relationships andalliances
Dedicated to individuals and movements in which they deeplybelieve
Community builders: responsible reliable trustworthy. Good foresightand strong organizational ability: natural troubleshooters.
Hardworking andpersevering sacrificing for others; they create stability and security in theirworld bringing a cooperative spirit.
At Their Best
Become selfaffirmingtrusting of self and others independent yet symbiotically interdependent andcooperative as an equal.
Belief in self leads to true courage positive thinkingleadership and rich selfexpression
- Able to engage others and identify with them; steadfast earnest andaffectionate
- Average
- Start investing their time and energy into whatever they believewill be safe and stable
Organizing and structuring they look to alliances andauthorities for security and continuity
Make many commitments to others hopingthey will be reciprocated.
Constantly vigilant anticipating problems
They seekclear guidelines and feel more secure when systems and procedures are welldefined.
To resist having more demands made on them they react against otherspassiveaggressively
Become evasive indecisive cautious procrastinating andambivalent.
Strong selfdoubt as well as suspicion about others’ motives
Arehighly reactive anxious and complaining giving contradictory “mixed signals.”
Internal confusion makes them react unpredictably.
To compensate forinsecurities they become belligerent meanspirited and sarcastic blamingothers for problems.
Highly partisan and defensive dividing people into friendsand enemies while looking for threats to their own security
Authoritarianprejudiced and fearinstilling to silence their own fears.
- Start investing their time and energy into whatever they believewill be safe and stable
- Unhealthy
- Become clingingly dependent and selfdisparaging with acuteinferiority feelings
Seeing themselves as helpless and incompetent they seek outa stronger authority or belief to resolve all problems
Submissive andmasochistic.
Feeling persecuted that others are “out to get them” they lash outand act irrationally bringing about what they fear
Fanaticism violence
Hysterical and seeking to escape punishment they become selfdestructive andsuicidal
Alcoholism drug overdoses “skid row” selfabasing behavior
- Become clingingly dependent and selfdisparaging with acuteinferiority feelings
- Key Motivations
- Want to have security to feel supported to have theapproval of others to test the attitudes of others toward them to defend theirbeliefs.
- Examples
- Robert F. Kennedy
- Malcolm X
- George Bush
- Walter Mondale
- Tom Hanks
- Bruce Springsteen
- Candice Bergen
- Gilda Radner
- Patrick Swayze
- Princess Diana
- Julia Roberts
- Phil Donahue
- Jay Leno
- Johnny Carson
- DianeKeaton
- Woody Allen
- Andy Rooney
- Jessica Lange
- Marilyn Monroe
- OliverNorth
- J. Edgar Hoover
- Richard Nixon
- Rush Limbaugh
- AN OVERVIEW OF THE SIX367
- In the Thinking Triad368
- Problems with Anxiety and Insecurity371
- Parental Orientation376
- ANALYZING THE HEALTHY SIX0
- Level 1: The Valiant Hero0
- Level 2: The Engaging Friend2
- Level 3: The Committed Worker5
- ANALYZING THE AVERAGE SIX390
- Level 4: The Dutiful Loyalist390
- Level 5: The Ambivalent Pessimist395
- Level 6: The Authoritarian Rebel400
- ANALYZING THE UNHEALTHY SIX407
- Level 7: The Overreacting Dependent407
- Level 8: The Paranoid Hysteric411
- Level 9: The SelfDefeating Masochist415
- THE DYNAMICS OF THE SIX419
- The Direction of Disintegration: The Six Goes to Three419
- The Direction of Integration: The Six Goes to Nine423
- THE MAJOR SUBTYPES OF THE SIX425
- The Six with a FiveWing: “The Defender”425
- The Six with a SevenWing: “The Buddy”428
- SOME FINAL THOUGHTS432
- Chapter 9 Type SevenThe Enthusiast
- Type Seven: The Enthusiast434
- THE SEVEN IN PROFILE
- Healthy
- Highly responsive excitable enthusiastic about sensation andexperience
Lively vivacious eager spontaneous resilientcheerful.
Easily become accomplished achievers generalists who do manydifferent things well: multitalented
Practical productive usually prolific crossfertilizingareas of interest.
At Their Best: Assimilate experiences in depthmaking them deeply grateful and appreciative for what they have
Become awedby the simple wonders of life: joyous and ecstatic.
Intimations of spiritualreality of the boundless goodness of life
- Highly responsive excitable enthusiastic about sensation andexperience
- Average
- As appetites increase become acquisitive materialistic “worldlywise” constantly amusing themselves with new things and experiences: thesophisticate connoisseur and consumer.
Money variety keeping up with thelatest trends important.
Become hyperactive unable to say no to themselves todeny themselves anything
Uninhibited doing and saying whatever comes tomind: storytelling flamboyant exaggerations wisecracking performing
Fearbeing bored so keep in perpetual motion but do too many things—becomesuperficial dilettantes.
Conspicuous consumption and all forms of excess.
Selfcenteredand greedy never feeling that they have enough.
Demanding and pushyyet unsatisfied crude jaded.
Addictive hardened insensitive.
- As appetites increase become acquisitive materialistic “worldlywise” constantly amusing themselves with new things and experiences: thesophisticate connoisseur and consumer.
- Unhealthy
- Become offensive and abusive while going after what they want.
Impulsive and infantile: do not know when to stop.
Addictions and excesses taketheir toll leaving debauched depraved dissipated escapists.
In flight fromself they act out impulses rather than deal with anxiety or frustrations: go out ofcontrol have erratic mood swings and act compulsively (manias).
Finallytheir energy and health is completely spent: become claustrophobic and panicstricken.
Often give up on themselves and life: deep depression and despairselfdestructive overdoses impulsive suicide.
- Become offensive and abusive while going after what they want.
- Key Motivations:
- Want to be happy and satisfied to have a wide variety ofexperiences to keep their options to enjoy life and amuse themselves toescape anxiety.
- Examples
- John F. Kennedy
- Leonard Bernstein
- Steven Spielberg
- MalcolmForbes
- Marianne Williamson
- Elizabeth Taylor
- Mozart
- Arthur Rubinstein
- Federico Fellini
- Dr. Richard Feynman
- Timothy Leary
- Robin Williams
- JimCarrey
- Bette Midler
- Elton John
- Liza Minnelli
- Bruce Willis
- Jack Nicholson
- Joan Collins
- Noel Coward
- Larry King
- Joan Rivers
- Regis Philbin
- SusanLucci
- Geraldo Rivera
- Howard Stern
- Liberace
- John Belushi
- Auntie Mame
- AN OVERVIEW OF THE SEVEN437
- In the Thinking Triad439
- Problems with Anxiety and Insecurity442
- Parental Orientation444
- Problems with Appetites and Aggressions445
- ANALYZING THE HEALTHY SEVEN448
- Level 1: The Ecstatic Appreciator448
- Level 2: The FreeSpirited Optimist450
- Level 3: The Accomplished Generalist453
- ANALYZING THE AVERAGE SEVEN457
- Level 4: The Experienced Sophisticate457
- Level 5: The Hyperactive Extrovert462
- Level 5: The Hyperactive Extrovert462
- Level 6: The Excessive Hedonist467
- ANALYZING THE UNHEALTHY SEVEN473
- Level 7: The Impulsive Escapist473
- Level 8: The Manic Compulsive477
- Level 9: The PanicStricken “Hysteric”479
- THE DYNAMICS OF THE SEVEN482
- The Direction of Disintegration: The Seven Goes to One482
- The Direction of Integration: The Seven Goes to Five486
- THE MAJOR SUBTYPES OF THE SEVEN488
- The Seven with a SixWing: “The Entertainer”488
- The Seven with an EightWing: “The Realist”491
- SOME FINAL THOUGHTS495
- Chapter 10 Type EightThe Leader
- Type Eight: The Leader497
- THE EIGHT IN PROFILE
- Healthy
- Selfassertive selfconfident and strong: able to stand up for whatthey need and want.
A resourceful “can do” attitude and passionate inner drive
Decisive authoritative and commanding: the natural leader others look up to.
Take initiative make things happen champion people providing protective andhonorable they carry others with their strength.
At Their Best: Become selfrestrainedand magnanimous merciful and forbearing mastering self throughtheir selfsurrender to a higher authority.
Courageous willing to put self inserious jeopardy to achieve their vision and have a lasting influence
Mayachieve true heroism and historical greatness.
- Selfassertive selfconfident and strong: able to stand up for whatthey need and want.
- Average
- Selfsufficiency financial independence and having enoughresources are important concerns: become enterprising pragmatic “ruggedindividualists” wheelerdealers.
Risktaking hardworking denying ownemotional needs.
Begin to dominate their environment including others: wantto feel that others are behind them supporting their efforts.
The “boss” whoseword is law: swaggering boastful forceful and expansive.
Proud egocentricwant to impose their will and vision; not seeing others as equals or treating themwith respect.
Become highly combative and intimidating: confrontationalbelligerent creating adversarial relationships.
Everything becomes a test ofwills and they will not back down.
Use threats and reprisals to get obediencefrom others to keep others offbalance and insecure.
- Selfsufficiency financial independence and having enoughresources are important concerns: become enterprising pragmatic “ruggedindividualists” wheelerdealers.
- Unhealthy
- Defying any attempts to control them they become completelyruthless dictatorial “might makes right.”
The criminal and outlaw renegade andcon artist.
Hardhearted immoral and potentially violent.
Develop delusionalideas about their power invincibility and ability to prevail: megalomania
Feelomnipotent invulnerable.
Recklessly overextend themselves.
If they get indanger they may brutally destroy everything that has not conformed to their willrather than surrender to anyone else.
Vengeful barbaric murderous. Sociopathictendencies.
- Defying any attempts to control them they become completelyruthless dictatorial “might makes right.”
- Key Motivations
- Want to be selfreliant to resist their weakness to have animpact on the environment to assert themselves to stay in control to prevailover others to be invincible.
- Examples
- Martin Luther King Jr.
- Franklin Delano Roosevelt
- LyndonJohnson
- Mikhail Gorbachev
- G. I. Gurdjieff
- Pablo Picasso
- Richard Wagner
- Indira Gandhi
- Kathleen Turner
- Marlon Brando
- John Wayne
- Charlton Heston
- Sean Connery
- Ernest Hemingway
- Norman Mailer
- Mike Wallace
- BarbaraWalters
- Ann Richards
- Lee Iacocca
- Donald Trump
- Frank Sinatra
- Bette Davis
- Roseanne
- Leona Helmsley
- Ross Perot
- Fidel Castro
- Saddam Hussein
- Napoleon
- Jim Jones
- Don Vito Corleone
- AN OVERVIEW OF THE EIGHT500
- In the Instinctive Triad501
- Problems with Aggression and Repression
- Parental Orientation508
- ANALYZING THE HEALTHY EIGHT
- Level 1: The Magnanimous Heart
- Level 2: The SelfConfident Person515
- Level 3: The Constructive Leader517
- ANALYZING THE AVERAGE EIGHT521
- Level 4: The Enterprising Adventurer521
- Level 5: The Dominating Power Broker526
- Level 6: The Confrontational Adversary532
- ANALYZING THE UNHEALTHY EIGHT5
- Level 7: The Ruthless Outlaw5
- Level 8: The Omnipotent Megalomaniac542
- Level 9: The Violent Destroyer545
- THE DYNAMICS OF THE EIGHT
- The Direction of Disintegration: The Eight Goes to Five
- The Direction of Integration: The Eight Goes to Two550
- THE MAJOR SUBTYPES OF THE EIGHT553
- The Eight with a SevenWing: “The Maverick”553
- The Eight with a NineWing: “The Bear”556
- SOME FINAL THOUGHTS560
- Chapter 11 Type NineThe Peacemaker
- Type Nine: The Peacemaker562
- THE NINE IN PROFILE
- Healthy
- Deeply receptive accepting unselfconscious emotionally stable andserene
Trusting of self and others at ease with self and life innocent andsimple
Patient unpretentious goodnatured genuinely nice.
Imaginative andcreative attuned to nonverbal communication
Optimistic reassuringsupportive: have a healing and calming influence—harmonizing groups bringingpeople together
A good mediator synthesizer and communicator
At Their Best:Become selfpossessed feeling autonomous and fulfilled: have great equanimityand contentment because they are present to themselves
Paradoxically at onewith self and thus able to form more profound relationships.
More alive awakealert to self and others.
- Deeply receptive accepting unselfconscious emotionally stable andserene
- Average
- Become selfeffacing and agreeable accommodating themselvesidealizing others and “going along” with things to avoid conflict
Have a”philosophy of life” that enables them to quiet their anxieties quickly
Submergethemselves in fulfilling functions for others.
In their reactions they areunresponsive and complacent walking away from problems and “sweeping themunder the rug.”
Become passive disengaged unreflective and inattentive.
Thinking becomes hazy and ruminative mostly about their fantasies as theybegin to “tune out” reality becoming oblivious.
Emotional indolenceunwillingness to exert self (and stay focused) on problems: passiveaggressiveand indifferent.
Begin to minimize problems to appease others and to have”peace at any price.”
Become fatalistic and resigned but also stubborn andresistant to influence.
Practice wishful thinking and wait for magical solutions.Inadvertently create conflicts with others by their denial and obstinance
- Become selfeffacing and agreeable accommodating themselvesidealizing others and “going along” with things to avoid conflict
- Unhealthy
- Can be repressed undeveloped and ineffectual.
Do not want todeal with problems: become depressed and listless dissociating self from allconflicts.
Neglectful and dangerously irresponsible.
Wanting to block out ofawareness anything that could affect them they dissociate so much that theyeventually cannot function: become numb depersonalized.
Becoming severelydisoriented and catatonic they abandon themselves turning into shattered shells
Multiple personalities possible
- Can be repressed undeveloped and ineffectual.
- Key Motivations
- To have serenity and peace of mind to create harmony intheir environment to preserve things as they are to avoid conflicts and tensionto escape upsetting problems and demands on them.
- Examples
- Abraham Lincoln
- Joseph Campbell
- Carl Jung
- Ronald Reagan
- Gerald Ford
- Queen Elizabeth n
- Princess Grace of Monaco
- Walter Cronkite
- Walt Disney
- George Lucas
- Garrison Keillor
- Sophia Loren
- Kevin Costner
- Keanu Reeves
- Woody Harrelson
- Ron Howard
- Ringo Starr
- Whoopi Goldberg
- Janet Jackson
- Nancy Kerrigan
- Linda Evans
- Ingrid Bergman
- Perry Como
- JimHenson
- Marc Chagall
- Norman Rockwell
- Edith Bunker
- MargeSimpson
- AN OVERVIEW OF THE NINE
- In the Instinctive Triad
- Problems with Repression and Aggression
- Parental Orientation571
- Problems with Awareness and Individuality
- ANALYZING THE HEALTHY NINE5
- Level 1: The SelfPossessed Guide5
- Level 2: The Receptive Person580
- Level 3: The Supportive Peacemaker
- ANALYZING THE AVERAGE NINE
- Level 4: The Accommodating RolePlayer
- Level 5: The Disengaged Participant
- Level 6: The Resigned Fatalist596
- ANALYZING THE UNHEALTHY NINE601
- Level 7: The Denying Doormat601
- Level 8: The Dissociating Automaton604
- Level 9: The SelfAbandoning Ghost606
- THE DYNAMICS OF THE NINE
- The Direction of Disintegration: The Nine Goes to Six
- The Direction of Integration: The Nine Goes to Three
- THE MAJOR SUBTYPES OF THE NINE
- The Nine with an EightWing: “The Comfort Seeker”
- The Nine with a OneWing: “The Dreamer”
- SOME FINAL THOUGHTS
- Chapter 12 Type OneThe Reformer
- Type One: The Reformer
- THE ONE IN PROFILE
- Healthy
- Conscientious with strong personal convictions: they have an intensesense of right and wrong personal and moral values
Wish to be rationalreasonable and selfdisciplined mature and moderate in all things.
Highlyprincipled strive to be fair objective and ethical: truth and justice are primaryvalues
Sense of responsibility personal integrity and of having a higherpurpose often make them teachers and witnesses to the truth
At Their Best:Become extraordinarily wise and discerning. By accepting what is they becometranscendentally realistic knowing the best thing to do in all circumstances
Humane inspiring and hopeful: the truth will be heard
- Conscientious with strong personal convictions: they have an intensesense of right and wrong personal and moral values
- Average
- Dissatisfied with reality they become highminded idealistsfeeling that it is up to them to improve everything
Crusaders advocates criticsthey embrace “causes” and point out how things “ought” to be.
Afraid of makinga mistake: everything must be consistent with their ideals.
Become orderly andwellorganized but impersonal rigid emotionally constricted keeping theirfeelings and impulses in check.
Often workaholics—”analcompulsive”punctual pedantic and fastidious.
Highly critical both of self and others: pickyjudgmental perfectionistic.
Very opinionated about everything: correctingpeople and badgering them to “do the right thing”—as they see it. Impatientnever satisfied with anything unless it is done according to their prescriptions
- Dissatisfied with reality they become highminded idealistsfeeling that it is up to them to improve everything
- Moralizing scolding abrasive and indignantly angry
- Unhealthy
- Can be highly dogmatic selfrighteous intolerant andinflexible.
Begin dealing in absolutes: they alone know “the Truth”; everyoneelse is wrong.
Make very severe judgments of others while rationalizing theirown actions.
Become obsessive about imperfection and the wrongdoing ofothers.
Begin to act in contradictory ways hypocritically doing the opposite ofwhat they preach
Become condemnatory punitive and cruel in order to ridthemselves of whatever they believe is disturbing them.
Severe depressionnervous breakdowns and suicide attempts are likely.
- Can be highly dogmatic selfrighteous intolerant andinflexible.
- Key Motivations
- Want to be right to have integrity and balance to strivehigher and improve others to be consistent with their ideals to justifythemselves to be beyond criticism so as not to be condemned by anyone
- Examples
- Pope John Paul II
- Mahatma Gandhi
- Margaret Thatcher
- AlGore
- Elie Wiesel
- Barbara Jordan
- Bill Moyers
- Katharine Hepburn
- HarrisonFord
- Ralph Nader
- Sandra Day O’Connor
- William F. Buckley
- Noam Chomsky
- George Bernard Shaw
- Joan of Arc
- Mr. Spock
- In the Instinctive Triad
- Problems with Repression and Aggression
- Parental Orientations634
- Problems with Anger and Perfection
- ANALYZING THE HEALTHY ONE
- Level 1: The Wise Realist
- Level 2: The Reasonable Person
- Level 3: The Principled Teacher
- ANALYZING THE AVERAGE ONE
- Level 4: The Idealistic Reformer
- Level 5: The Orderly Person
- Level 6: The Judgmental Perfectionist
- ANALYZING THE UNHEALTHY ONE
- Level 7: The Intolerant Misanthrope
- Level 8: The Obsessive Hypocrite
- Level 9: The Punitive Avenger
- THE DYNAMICS OF THE ONE
- The Direction of Disintegration: The One Goes to Four
- The Direction of Integration: The One Goes to Seven
- THE MAJOR SUBTYPES OF THE ONE
- The One with a NineWing: “The Idealist”
- The One with a TwoWing: “The Advocate”
- SOME FINAL THOUGHTS
- AN OVERVIEW OF THE ONE
- In the Instinctive Triad
- Problems with Repression and Aggression
- Jungian typology632
- Parental Orientations634
- Problems with Anger and Perfection
- ANALYZING THE HEALTHY ONE
- Level 1: The Wise Realist
- Level 2: The Reasonable Person
- Level 3: The Principled Teacher
- ANALYZING THE AVERAGE ONE
- Level 4: The Idealistic Reformer
- Level 5: The Orderly Person
- Level 6: The Judgmental Perfectionist
- ANALYZING THE UNHEALTHY ONE658
- Level 7: The Intolerant Misanthrope
- Level 8: The Obsessive Hypocrite
- Level 9: The Punitive Avenger
- THE DYNAMICS OF THE ONE665
- The Direction of Disintegration: The One Goes to Four
- The Direction of Integration: The One Goes to Seven
- THE MAJOR SUBTYPES OF THE ONE
- The One with a NineWing: “The Idealist”
- The One with a TwoWing: “The Advocate”
- SOME FINAL THOUGHTS
- Chapter 4 Type TwoThe Helper
- Part III
- Chapter 13 Advanced Guidelines
- Advanced Guidelines680
- THE DIRECTIONS OF INTEGRATION ANDDISINTEGRATION681
- THE WING690
- THE LEVELS OF DEVELOPMENT
- The Levels of Development
- In the Healthy Levels
- AT LEVEL
- The type at its very healthiest a state of psychological balancefreedom and the emergence of special spiritual capacities or virtues. The idealstate for the type reflecting the essential qualities of the type.
- AT LEVEL 2
- The type is still healthy but the ego and its defenses begin to emergein response to basic anxieties from childhood. Deepest fears and desires emergethe result of relationships with parents. Sense of self and the type’s cognitivestyle as a whole manifest themselves
- AT LEVEL 3
- Still healthy but less so. The ego is more active producing acharacteristic persona. The healthy social characteristics which the type bringsto others and society appear.
- AT LEVEL
- In the Average Levels
- AT LEVEL 4
- The type has begun to become subtly unbalanced by drawing on itscharacteristic source of psychic energy which is different for each type. Eachtype’s unwitting psychological dead end emerges which if followed will createincreasing intrapsychic and interpersonal conflicts
- AT LEVEL 5
- The ego inflates as the type tries to control the environment incharacteristic ways. Defense mechanisms become more serious. A markedturning point in the deterioration of the type; traits noticeably less healthy morenegative. Conflicts with others increase
- AT LEVEL 6:
- The person begins to overcompensate for conflicts and increasinganxieties. Characteristic forms of selfcenteredness emerge here. Conflicts withothers escalate as various forms of egodefense are acted on.
- AT LEVEL 4
- In the Unhealthy Levels
- AT LEVEL 7
- The person employs highly dysfunctional and ultimately selfdefeatingsurvival tactics different for each type in a desperate attempt tobolster the ego which is assailed by increasing anxiety. Serious interpersonalconflicts now.
- AT LEVEL 8
- Serious intrapsychic conflicts and resulting delusional defensesemployed. Attempts to remake reality rather than succumb to it and anxiety. Adeeply neurotic state: person getting out of touch with reality in some waydifferent for each type.
- AT LEVEL 9700
- A fully pathological state. Person out of touch with reality willing todestroy self andor others to save illusions and to spare self from the anxiety ofrealizing what he or she has done. Different forms of immediate or remote selfdestructivenessmanifest themselves resulting in serious violence breakdownor death.700
- AT LEVEL 7
- In the Healthy Levels
- THE INSTINCTUAL TYPES
- SelfPreservation
- The focus here is easy to understand from the name.
People of this Instinctual type are preoccupied with basic survival needs as theytranslate in our contemporary society
concerned with money food housing health physical safety and comfort.
Beingsafe and physically comfortable are priorities.
These people are quick to noticeany problems in a room such as poor lighting or uncomfortable chairs or to bedissatisfied with the room temperature.
They often have issues connected withfood and drink either overdoing it or having strict dietary requirements
In thehealthy to average Levels of the three Instinctual types they are the mostpractical in the sense of taking care of basic life necessities—paying billsmaintaining the home and workplace acquiring useful skills and so forth.
Whenthese types deteriorate they tend to distort the instinct to the degree that they arepoor at taking care of themselves.
Unhealthy SelfPreservation types eat andsleep poorly or become obsessed with health issues.
They often have difficultyhandling money and may act out in deliberately selfdestructive ways.
In anutshell no matter what Enneagram personality type is involved SelfPreservation types are focused on enhancing their personal security and physicalcomfort.
- The focus here is easy to understand from the name.
- Social
- This variant is focused on their interactions with other people andwith the sense of value or esteem they derive from their participation incollective activities.707
These include work family hobbies clubs—basically anyarena in which Social types can interact with others for some shared purpose.707
The instinct underlying this behavior was an important one in human survival.707
Human beings on their own are rather weak vulnerable creatures and easily fallprey to a frequently hostile environment707
By learning to live and work togetherour ancestors created the safety necessary for human beings not only to survivebut to thrive.707
Within that social instinct however are many other implicitimperatives and primary among them is the understanding of “place” within ahierarchical social structure.707
This is as true for dogs and gorillas as it is forhuman beings. Thus the desire for attention recognition honor success fameleadership appreciation and the safety of belonging can all be seen asmanifestations of the Social instinct.707
Social types like to know what is going onaround them and want to make some kind of contribution to the humanenterprise. There is often an interest in the events and activities of one’s ownculture or sometimes of another culture.707
Social types enjoyinteracting with people but they avoid intimacy. In their imbalanced unhealthyforms these types can become profoundly antisocial detesting people andresenting their society or having poorly developed social skills707
In a nutshell nomatter what Enneagram personality type is involved Social types are focused oninteracting with people in ways that will build their personal value their senseof accomplishment and their security of “place” with others.707
- This variant is focused on their interactions with other people andwith the sense of value or esteem they derive from their participation incollective activities.707
- Sexual707
- Many people originally identify themselves as this type perhapsconfusing the idea of a Sexual Instinctual type with being a “sexy” person708
Ofcourse “sexiness” is in the eye of the beholder and there are plenty of “sexy”people in all three of the Instinctual types.708
Furthermore lest one think this typemore “glamorous” than the other two one would do well to remember that theinstinct can become distorted in the type leading to the area of life causing thegreatest problems.708
In healthy to average Sexual types there is a desire forintensity of experience—not just sexual experience but any activity having asimilar “charge.”708
This intensity could be found in a great conversation or anexciting movie.708
Much has been said about this type preferring oneononerelationships versus the Social type’s preference for larger groups but a quickpoll of one’s acquaintances will reveal that almost all people prefercommunicating oneonone rather than in a group.708
The question is more one ofthe intensity of contact and the strength of the desire for intimacy708
Sexual typesare the “intimacy junkies” of the Instinctual types often neglecting pressingobligations or even basic “maintenance” if they are swept up in someone orsomething that has captivated them.708
This gives a wideranging exploratoryapproach to life but also a lack of focus on one’s own priorities708
In theirneurotic forms this type can manifest with a wandering lack of focus sexualpromiscuity and acting out or just the opposite in a fearful dysfunctionalattitude toward sex and intimacy.708
Sexual types however will be intense evenabout their avoidances.708
In conclusion no matter what Enneagram personalitytype is involved Sexual types are focused on having intense intimateinteractions and experiences with others and with the environment to give them apowerful sense of “aliveness.”708
- Many people originally identify themselves as this type perhapsconfusing the idea of a Sexual Instinctual type with being a “sexy” person708
- SelfPreservation
- Chapter 14 Theory of Enneagram
- The Theory of the Enneagram709
- THE ENNEAGRAM AND OTHER TYPOLOGIES712
- Karen Homey and the Enneagram712
- In the Feeling Triad713
- In the Thinking Triad714
- In the Instinctive Triad714
- Freud and the Enneagram719
- Freudian Structural Concepts725
- Jung and the Enneagram727
- The Jungian Correlations727
- Psychiatric Designations and the Enneagram
- The DSMIV Correlations
- ANALYZING THE ENNEAGRAM
- A Dialectical Approach735
- A Developmental Approach
- A Dynamic Freudian Approach740
- The Freudian Dynamics of the Enneagram
- Chapter 15 Postscript: Moving Towards Wisdom
- Postscript: Moving Toward Wisdom748
- Chapter 13 Advanced Guidelines
- Appendix
- THE MEANING OF THE LEVELS OF DEVELOPMENT
- In the Healthy Levels
- AT LEVEL 1: The Level of Liberation
- AT LEVEL 2: The Level of Psychological Capacity
- AT LEVEL 3: The Level of Social Value
- AT LEVEL 4: The Level of Imbalance
- AT LEVEL 5: The Level of Interpersonal Control
- AT LEVEL 6: The Level of Overcompensation
- In the Unhealthy Levels
- AT LEVEL 7: The Level of Violation
- AT LEVEL 8: The Level of Delusional Thinking and Compulsive Behavior
- AT LEVEL 9: The Level of Pathological Destructiveness
- THE CORE DYNAMICS765
- The Layout766
- PERSONALITY TYPE TWO: The Helper
- Parental Orientation: Ambivalent to the protectivefigure
- PERSONALITY TYPE THREE: The Motivator7
- Parental Orientation: Connected to the Nurturingfigure7
- PERSONALITY TYPE FOUR: The Individualist1
- Parental Orientation: Disconnected from Both Parents1
- PERSONALITY TYPE FIVE: The Investigator4
- Parental Orientation: Ambivalent to Both Parents4
- PERSONALITY TYPE SIX: The Loyalist7
- Parental Orientation: Connected to the protectivefigure7
- PERSONALITY TYPE SEVEN: The Enthusiast
- Parental Orientation: Disconnected to the Nurturingfigure
- PERSONALITY TYPE EIGHT: The Leader7
- Parental Orientation: Ambivalent to the Nurturingfigure7
- PERSONALITY TYPE NINE: The Peacemaker
- Parental Orientation: Connected to Both Parents
- PERSONALITY TYPE ONE: The Reformer
- Parental Orientation: Disconnected from the protectivefigure
- PERSONALITY TYPE TWO: The Helper
- What do you think about the book?
- Conclusions:
- Recommendations:
- Compiled By:
- blindcaveman.wordpress.com
- Rigel Arcayan
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